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 THETIS THIBET 703 sinated. Alexander of Pherse maintained and extended his power (see PHER.E); but after his death the country fell into the hands of Philip of Macedon. It formed a part of the Macedonian monarchy until the defeat of Phil- ip V. at CynoscephaleB in 197, when it came under the Koman dominion, and the govern- ment was given to wealthy persons, who met in Larissa. Thessaly now forms a part of the Turkish vilayet of Janina, excepting the south- ernmost portion, from Mt. Othrys, which be- longs to Greece. (See PHTHIOTIS.) The chief town of Turkish Thessaly is Trikala, and of the Greek portion Lamia or Zeitun. THETIS, in Greek mythology, the mistress and chorus leader of the 50 Nereids, the wife of Peleus and mother of Achilles. She 'dwelt in the depths of the sea with her father Nereus, and was sought in marriage by both Jupiter and Neptune ; but the gods relinquished their suit when Themis declared that the son of Thetis should be more illustrious than his fa- ther. At her wedding with Peleus all the gods and goddesses were invited, excepting Eris, who revenged herself by throwing the apple of discord among the guests. (See PA- RIS, and ACHILLES.) She had a temple in Thessaly, and was worshipped in Sparta and Messenia. THETOOT. I. Melchisedech, a French traveller, born in Paris about 1620, died at Issy, Oct. 29, 1692. He early explored Europe, learned ori- ental languages, and in 1684 became keeper of the royal library, of which he published a cata- logue in 1694. The gatherings of learned men at his house formed the nucleus of the future academy of sciences. In 1645 he was sent on an official mission to Genoa, and from 1652 to 1655 he was employed by the government in Eome. He published compilations of travels, including Relations de divers voyages curieux (2 vols. fol., Paris, 1663-'72), and Recueil de voyages, comprising Marquette's Decouvertes dans VAmerique Septentrionale (1681). II. Jean dc, a French traveller, nephew of the pre- ceding, born in Paris, June 6, 1633, died at Miana, Armenia, Nov. 28, 1667. After travel- ling through Europe, he made two extensive journeys in Asia and Africa, and is said to have first introduced coffee into France. The narratives of his travels were collected under the title Voyages de M. Thevenot tant en Eu- rope qrfen Asie et en Afrique (5 vols. 12mo, Paris, 1689), and were translated into English, German, and Dutch. THEZA, or Tesa, a fortified town of Morocco, on the Wad el-Asfar (Yellow river), or Sebu, about 60 m. E. of Fez ; lat. 34 9' N., Ion. 3 55' W.; pop. about 5,000, of whom ^ 800 are Jews. Its great mosque is a fine building, sup- ported in the interior by antique monolithic columns. Theza is the centre of the trade between Algiers, Tlemcen, and Fez, and cara- van roads lead from it to Fighig and Tafilet. THIBAIT (THEOBALD) IV. or VI. as count of Champagne, I. as king of Navarre, a French 785 TOL. xv. 45 trouvere or poet, born at Troyes in 1201, died there or at Pamplona, July 10, 1253. He was a posthumous son of Count Thibaut III. or V., was educated at the court of Philip Au- gustus under the supervision of his mother, Blanche, daughter of Sancho the Wise, king of Navarre, and became an early adept of the " gay science." Several of his poems were addressed, under an assumed name, to Blanche of Castile, the queen of Louis VIII., whom he loved to distraction, although she was 14 years his senior. When her husband died prema- turely at Montpensier in 1226, while returning from an expedition against the Albigenses, Thibaut, who accompanied him, was suspected of being his poisoner. He soon after joined the league of feudal lords who rose against Blanche, then regent ; but her influence brought him back to his duty to the king, and through his assistance she baffled the designs of the confederates. In 1234 Sancho died without male issue, and the count of Champagne in- herited the kingdom of Navarre in right of his mother. In 1239 he went to the Holy Land; but he met with a dreadful defeat near Gaza, and had to pay a heavy ransom for the release of his brother. His provinces were very pros- perous under his government, and he was a patron of literature and the fine arts. He al- lowed the Albigenses to be persecuted in his dominions, and assisted, May 13, 1239, in the burning at the stake of 83 of them, at Mon- trimer, near Vertus. Of his poems, 66 songs were published by LeVesque de la Kavalliere (2 vols. 12mo, Paris, 1742 ; best ed. by Eocque- fort and Michel, 1829). A collection of 81 songs is contained in Tarbe's Collection des poetes champenois (8vo, Kheims, 1851). THIBAUT, Anton Friedrich Justus, a German ju- rist, born in Hameln, Hanover, Jan. 4, 1774, died in Heidelberg, March 28, 1840. He grad- uated at Kiel, taught jurisprudence there from 1799 to 1802, and at Jena till 1805, and was afterward professor at Heidelberg till his death. In 1814 he advocated a national code, but Sa- vigny regarded it as premature. His principal work is System des Pandelctenrechts (2 vols., Jena, 1803 ; 9th ed., 1846 ; abridged English translation, "Introduction to the Study of Ju- risprudence," with notes by Nathaniel Lind- ley, London, 1855). Guyet has edited his posthumous writings (2 vols., Berlin, 1841-'2). THIBET, or Tibet (Sansk. Shot; Thib. Bod; Pers. Tibet), a region of central Asia, between lat. 27 and 38 N., and Ion. 78 and 104 E., bounded N. by East Turkistan and China prop- er, E. and S. E. by China, S. by Burmah, Boo- tan, Sikkim, Nepanl, and British India, and W. by Cashmere ; area estimated at from 650,000 to 800,000 sq. m. ; pop. about 6,000,000. Thibet forms the S. E. portion of the great central Asiatic plateau, with a mean elevation of about 15,000 ft. toward its southern edge, which is bordered by the Himalaya. The Kuen-lun range is generally regarded as the northern boundary of the country. The transverse