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 C90 THEINER tals procured for him from the university of Halle the degree of doctor of laws, and from the Prussian government a stipend for a liter- ary journey to Vienna, London, and Paris. In 1831 he visited Koine, and became a member of the oratory of St. Philip Neri, professing thenceforward an ultramontanism as extreme as had been his Gallicanism. He continued to reside in Rome, and was consultor of the holy office, of the congregation of bishops and regu- lars, and of the division of the propaganda on oriental rites. In 1848 he published Lettere historieo-critiche intorno alle "Cinque piaghe della santa chiesa " del chiarissimo D. Antonio Rosmini Serbati. In this work Theiner de- nounced the election by laymen of bishops and parish priests, and maintained that the tem- poral sovereignty of the popes was " indispen- sable, under the modern formation of society, to the spiritual independence of the supreme pastor of the church." It was translated into Latin (Naples, 1849). Being appointed prefect or keeper of the secret archives of the Vatican in 1851, he issued in succession various com- pilations therefrom illustrating the ecclesiasti- cal history of nearly all the different Christian nations. Six folio works were printed in the Vatican. He also began in 1856 a contin- uation of the Annales Ecclesiastici of Baro- nius, of which 3 vols. fol. have appeared, and an edition of the original work to consist of about 60 vols. 4to, of which 15 had appeared in 1868 (Bar-le-Duc). In 1853, in answer to Cr6tineau-Joly's history of the suppression of the Jesuits, he published Geschiehte des Pon- tificate Clemens XIV. (2 vols., Leipsic and Paris), which led to a long and bitter pamphlet controversy. In 1861 he began a documen- tary history of the pope's temporal dominion, extending from 756 to 1793, entitled Codex Diplomaticus Dominii temporalis Sancta Sedis (3 vols. fol., Rome, 1861-'3). This was fol- lowed by a smaller work in 1864 destined to answer Passaglia's appeal to the Italian bish- ops, and maintaining the necessity of the tem- poral power from the declarations of the coun- cils of Lyons (1245) and Constance. At the ap- proach of the Vatican council in 1869, Theiner entered into a correspondence with Dr. Dollin- ger and Prof. Friedrich, in which he advocated the Old Catholic doctrine and position. The discovery of this caused him to be debarred all access to the archives, while, in consideration of his age, he was permitted to retain his sal- ary and his apartment in the Vatican. In 1874 Theiner visited Austria to make arrangements for publishing another important literary work, and on his return to Italy died suddenly at the seaside, the pope having sent him his forgive- ness and blessing on hearing of his danger. His other works include Geschiehte der geistlichen Bildungsanstalten (Mentz, 1835) ; Verauche des heiligen Stuhls die Vdlker dea Norden* wiede- rum mit der Kirche zu vereinen (Augsburg, 1837); and Die neuesten Zustdnde der Tcatho- lisehen Kirche leider Ritus in Polen und Rms- TIIELWALL land seit Katharina II. (Augsbui^, 1841). II. Joliann Anton, a German theologian, elder broth- er of the preceding, born in Breslau, Dec. 15, 1799, died there, May 15, 1860. He studied Roman Catholic theology at Breslau, and was appointed there in 1824 professor of Scriptural exegesis and canon law. He was from the beginning a zealous advocate of Gallican prin- ciples, and eagerly sought to have them intro- duced and carried out among the clergy of Silesia. Assisted by his brother Augustin, he published in 1826 an extensive work on the history of celibacy (Die Einfuhrung der erz~ wungenen Ehelosigkeit, Altenburg, 1828 ; new ed., 1845). He resigned his chair in 1830, and held a pastoral charge till 1845, when he joined the German Catholics, publishing in vindica- tion of this step Die reformatorischen Bestre- bungen in der katholischen Kirche (Altenburg, 1845) ; but soon afterward he joined the Prot- estant church, and received an appointment in the library of the university of Breslau. He wrote a commentary on the minor prophets, forming part of the Bibelwerlc of Dereser, and Das Seligleeitsdogma der rdmisch-katholischen Kirche (Breslau, 1847). THEISS (anc. Tibiscus ; Hun. Tisza}, a river of Hungary, which rises in the northeast, in the county of Marmaros, flows westward to Tokay, thence S. W. to Szolnok, when it turns S. and enters the Danube S. of Titel, near the southern boundary of Hungary. Its length is upward of 600 m., for most of which it is navi- gable. Its principal tributaries are the Bod- rog, Hernad, Sajo, and Zagyva on the right, and the Szamos, Koros, and Maros on the left. Its lower course for nearly 300 m. is parallel to the Danube, and about the beginning of the present century the Francis canal was dug from one river to the other, which shortens the route down the Theiss and up the Dan- ube 106 m. The canal has been enlarged, and a branch canal from Sztapar to Neusatz on the Danube, completed in 1875, passes through one of the most fertile districts in southern Hungary. Among the principal towns on the banks of the Theiss are Csongrad, Szegedin, Zenta, and Old Becse. THELWALL, John, an English author, born in London, July 27, 1764, died in Bath, Feb. 17, 1834. In his 22d year he abandoned the pro- fession of law for literature. In 1787 he pub- lished " Poems " (2 vols.) ; and embracing lib- eral opinions, he became a member of the " Corresponding Society." Taking a prom- inent part in the political agitation of the times, he was prosecuted for high treason along with John Home Tooke and Thomas Hardy, and after a trial of five days was ac- quitted. He afterward lectured on political subjects, and in 1801 began to act as tutor of elocution. His works include "The Peripa- tetic" (3 vols. 12mo, 1793); "The Tribune" (3 vols. 8vo, 1796); "Poems, with Memoir of his Life" (1802); "The Daughter of Adop- tion," a novel ; essays on the treatment of iin-