Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XV.djvu/690

 660 TERNATE coming down to N. Europe ; it is a very rapid and graceful flier, dashing boldly into the water after iish and shrimps; the eggs are delicious, li by jj- in. There are several other species, and another genus, the short-tailed or black tern, kydrochelidon (Boie), with the species H. plumbea in America and H. nigra in Europe. TER1YATE. See MOLUCCAS. TKKYUY. I. Golllanme Louis, baron, a French manufacturer, born in Sedan, Oct. 8, 1763, died in St. Ouen, April 2, 1833. When scarcely 16 years old he managed his father's woollen fac- tory, and retrieved the fortune of his family. He was a supporter of reform in 1789, but was one of the king's defenders in 1792. After the fall of Robespierre he established large manu- factories at Louviers and Sedan. He natural- ized Thibetan goats in France, and manufac- tured shawls in imitation of the Indian ones, known as cachemires-Ternaux. He was made a baron by Louis XVIII.; in 1818 he was elected a deputy; was reflected in 1827, and was one of the 221 deputies whose decided stand against the government brought about the revolution of July, 1830. The commercial crisis which followed ruined him, though he paid all his debts. He published several trea- tises on finance and manufactures. II. Henri, nephew of the preceding, known as Henri Ternaux-Campans, born in Paris in 1807, died there in 1864. He was distinguished for his devotion to the study of American history, and published two series, in 10 vols. each, of Voy- ages, relations et memoires, from inedited Span- ish manuscripts, relating to the discovery and conquest of America (Paris, 183 6-'40); Bibli- othtque americaine, 1493-1700 (8vo, 1837); Bibliotheque asiatique et africaine (1841-'2) ; and various other works. MORTIMER, his broth- er, born in Paris in 1808, has published La chute de la royaute, 10 aout 1792 (1864); Le peuple aux Tuileries, 20 juin 1792 (1864) ; and Histoire de la terreur (!792-'4), from in- edited documents (7 vols. 8vo, 1862-'9). TERNI (anc. Interamna), a town of Italy, in the province of Perugia, on an island formed by the Nera, 49 m. N. by E. of Rome ; pop. about 10,000. It has a cathedral built from the designs of Bernini, with a high altar rich in marbles ; and there are many Roman re- mains and inscriptions. Silk and oil are the chief articles of trade. About 5 m. from Ter- ni are the celebrated falls of the Velino (cadute delle Marmore), about" 800 ft. high, fed by an artificial channel laid out by the Romans to drain the plains of Rieti. The water descends by three separate leaps, respectively 50, 500, and 250 ft. high, forming one continuous sheet of foam, described by Byron " as worth all the cascades and torrents of Switzerland put to- gether." The ancient Interamna, originally belonging to Umbria, was celebrated under the Romans, as Terni still is, for the remarkable fertility of the surrounding country. TERPAXDER (W/wnwrfpof), a Greek musician, born at Antissa in the island of Lesbos, flour- TERRA COTTA ished in the earlier half of the 7th century B. 0. He removed to Sparta, where in 676 he was crowned victor in the first musical con- test at the feast of Apollo Carneius, and where he established the first musica> school or sys- tem in Greece. He enlarged the compass of the lyre from a tetrachord to an octave, but with the omission of the third string, count- ing from the highest down, making it really a heptachord ; and he was the first who regu- larly set poetry to music. TERPSICHORE, one of the nine Muses, daugh- ter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne. She presided over choral song and dancing, and is generally represented as crowned with flowers and hold- ing a lyre and plectrum. TERRA, or Tellus, a goddess of the Roman mythology, in whose form the earth was per- sonified and worshipped, and who is thus often named in contrast with Jupiter, the god of heaven. A festival in her honor was celebra- ted on the 15th of April, and private sacri- fices were offered to her at seedtime and har- vest, and also when any member of a family died. Terra corresponds to Gsea or Ge in Greek mythology. In the Hesiodic theogony Geea was the first born of Chaos. She gave birth to Uranus, whom she afterward married, and from this union sprang the Titans, the Cyclops, and the hundred-handed giants. Her worship was universal among the Greeks. TERRACINA, a town of Italy, in the province of Rome, on a gulf of its own name in the Mediterranean, at the S. W. end of the Pontine marshes, 26 m. S. W. of Frosinone; pop. about 5,000. It has a cathedral occupying, according to some authorities, the site of the celebrated ancient temple of Jupiter Anxur, from which its beautiful fluted marble columns are said to have been taken. The most picturesque of the many ruins are those of the palace of Theo- doric, on the summit of the hill above the town. Near the shore is a palace built by Pius VI., who made considerable but not successful ef- forts to drain the marshes and to restore the ancient port, which is still filled with sand, though a new pier affords protection to small craft. The bishopric of Terracina is said to date from A. D. 46. Terracina was the Anxur of the Volscians and the Romans ; the latter had fine villas and a naval station here, and also called the place Tarracina. TERRA COTTA (It., baked clay), an earthen- ware employed by the ancient Greeks and Egyptians in the manufacture of moulds, ar- chitectural ornaments, statuary, utensils, sar- cophagi, and various other objects. An impor- tant use of it among the Assyrians and Baby- lonians was for the preservation of records, which were stamped upon terra cotta slabs and cylinders. The material is clay of con- siderable purity, and the articles are generally slack-baked, or merely hardened by continued exposure to the sun. The color is usually a red or buff, and the vases are often ornament- ed with designs of leaves, vines, &c., painted