Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XV.djvu/682

 652 TENOR TENT plot. "The Window, or the Songs of the Wrens," written for music by Arthur Sullivan, appeared in 1870, and " Queen Mary, a Drama," in 1875. Tennyson lived at various places, much of the time in London, till 1851, when ho married Emily, daughter of Henry Sell- wood, and settled at Farringford, Freshwater, Isle of Wight. In 1869 he removed to Peters- field, Hampshire. Ho has also a residence at Aldworth, Haslemere, Surrey, and is lord of the manors of Grasby and Prior's Freshwater. The university of Oxford conferred on him the degree of D. 0. L. in 1859. Since 1850 his poems have been regularly reprinted in the United States, and two rival editions (New York and Boston, 1871) contain the suppressed pieces of his early volumes, and also some never collected by himself. His "Poems" have been translated into German by W. Herz- berg (Dessau, 1854) ; " In Memoriam " by R. Waldmiiller-Duboc (Hamburg, 2d ed., 1872) and Agnes von Bohlen (Berlin, 1874); and "Enoch Arden" by 0. Hessel (Leipsic, 1874). "Enid" and "Elaine" have been translated into Spanish by Lope Gisbert (1875). His " Idyls of the King" have been illustrated by Dor6. D. B. Brightwell has published a con- cordance to Tennyson's works (London, 1869). See " Analysis of Tennyson's In Memoriam," by the Rev. F. W. Robertson (1867); "A Study of the Works of Alfred Tennyson," by E. 0. Tanish (1868) ; and " Victorian Poets," by E. 0. Stedman (1875). FREDERICK, his elder brother, obtained at Cambridge a prize for a Greek poem in 1828, and in 1854 published "Days and Hours," a volume of poems. TENOR (Lat. tenere, to hold), the second of the four parts in harmonic composition, reck- oning from the bass, or the highest natural adult male voice, having a general compass from 0, the second space in the bass, to A or B flat in the treble, though composers in chorus writing do not find it prudent often to write higher than G for this voice. The term is de- rived from the fact that in the ancient part compositions the tenor sustained or held the plain-song or principal air. TMSAS, a N. E. parish of Louisiana, bor- dering on the Mississippi, and drained by Ten- sas river and Macon bayou ; area, 680 sq. m. ; pop. in 1875, 18,520, of whom 17,100 were colored. The surface is low and flat, and the soil fertile. It has steamboat communica- tion with the interior by way of the Tensas river, which runs nearly parallel with the Mis- sissippi, and joins the Washita in Catahoula parish to form Black river. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 94,500 bushels of Indian corn, 13,050 of sweet potatoes, and 25,371 bales of cotton. There were 1,211 horses, 2,404 mules and asses, 2,748 cattle, 1,043 sheep, and 2,684 swine. Capital, St. Joseph. TEXT (Lat. tentorium, from tendere, to stretch), a portable habitation, formed gener- ally of cloth or skins stretched upon cords or frames, and supported by poles. Tents have always been the dwellings of nomadic tribes. The natives of the East brought them at an early period to a high state of perfection, and they are frequently mentioned in the Bible. The patriarchs were dwellers in tents, and St. Paul was a tent maker. Skins are first mentioned as a tent covering in Exodus xxvi. 14, where the tabernacle is ordered to be cov- ered with rams' and badgers' skins. Tents of cloth made of camels' and goats' hair, like those of the Arabs of the present day, were also used. The Persian monarchs passed por- tions of the summer in tents in the mountains, and the custom of living in them during the hot months still prevails in the East. The Greeks encamped in tents at the siege of Troy, and the magnificence of the Persian tents and tent equipage is attested by many ancient wri- ters. Tents were early used by the Roman armies, the first being made of skins or leath- er, and Hannibal's forces were provided with them when they crossed the Alps into Italy. The Roman tabernaculum resembled the house tent, and the tentorium the wedge tent of the 1. 1. Roman Tabernaculum, from column of Trajan. 2. Tentorium, from column of Antonine. present day. A later and more elaborate tent was called papilio ; it was probably circular, with a conical roof, but its exact form is not known. The armies of the crusades were pro- vided with elaborate tents, and their Saracen antagonists were equally well furnished. Me- diaeval tents were sometimes of the most splen- did description. The finest were very large, of the pavilion form, and divided into several apartments. Their hangings were frequently of silk and damask of many colors, and their cords and stay ropes of twisted gold. Tents are said to have been first issued to modern armies by Louis XIV., but they were furnished only to certain privileged corps. According to Bardin, the Prussian army was the first regularly provided with them. Until near the middle of the 18th century there was little uniformity in their shape or quality. The earliest form in use in modern armies was probably the wedge tent, formed of a square piece of cloth over a ridge pole, and without stay ropes. A wedge tent rounded at one end and open at the other was called a cannoniere in the French service in the last century. The cortine or courtine was an oblong wall tent, used by officers ; when furnished with a fly or second roof, it was called a marquise or marquee. The use of tents in the French armies was almost abandoned after the begin-