Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XV.djvu/675

 TENNESSEE 645 est Tennessee the cypress, hackmatack, cot- tonwood, and swamp cedar occur in large quan- tities. Several wild or indigenous grasses grow spontaneously. The pawpaw, a low bushy tree or shrub, bearing a fruit somewhat resembling the banana, though inferior to it, is found in the river bottoms. The persimmon, which is common, yields a fruit which in sweetness and pleasantness of flavor equals the date. The black haw, red haw, wild plum, blackberry, wood grape, muscadine, strawberry, whortle- y, gooseberry, and service berry all grow ild and yield luxuriantly. Nuts of various abound, as the walnut, hickory nut, hazel t, chestnut, pecan, and chinquapin, all form- ing articles of export. Ginseng is found on all the elevated lands. The wild animals are the bear, found only in the mountainous districts, deer, raccoons, foxes, opossums, and squirrels. Horses, cattle, sheep, and swine are raised on large scale, and many thousands are annually orted. The hills and mountain slopes afford an abundance of fine pasturage. Much atten- tion is given to wool growing. According to the federal census of 1870, the state contained in farms 6,843,278 acres of improved land, 10,771,396 of woodland, and 1,966,540 of other unimproved land. The total number of farms 118,141, containing an average of 166 es each ; 18,806 contained from 100 to 500 es, 412 from 500 to 1,000, and 50 over 1,000. The cash value of farms was $218,- 743,747, of farming implements and machinery $8,199,487. The staple crops of 1873 were reported as follows by the United States de- partment of agriculture : ala exp CROPS. Bushels. Yield per acre. Acres. Total value. Indian corn .... Wheat Eye Oats 42,604,000 7,414,000 204,000 5,613,000 22-5 7-2 9 20-6 1,893,511 1,029,722 22,667 272,476 $24,710,320 9,860,620 188,600 2,301.330 Barley Buckwheat Potatoes Tobacco (Ibs.).. Hay (tons) 83,000 74,000 1,009,000 23,750,000 134,500 19-2 10-5 75 675 1-25 4,823 7,047 13,453 85,185 107,600 70,550 70,300 665,940 1,425,000 2,084,750 The total value of these crops was $41,372,- 410 ; whole number of acres, 3,385,984. The number and value of domestic animals in 1874 were reported as follows : ANIMALS. Number. Average price. Total value. 302,900 $77 51 $23,477,779 Mules 103 200 90 84 9,374,688 Oxen and other cattle 355,100 247,700 14 22 21 86 5,049,522 5,414,722 Sheep 850,000 2 09 731,500 Swine... 1,420,900 3 09 4,390,581 Peanuts, constituting an important crop, are raised in the counties of Perry, Hickman, and Humphreys, and parts of Dickson and Lewis, all of which are on the "W. side of the High- land rim. The production amounted to 680,- 000 bushels in 1872, 110,000 in 1873, 200,000 in 1874, and 250,000 in 1875. The average yield is about 40 bushels an acre. The ship- ment of cotton from Tennessee amounted to 378,813 bales in 1872-'3, 489,534 in 1873-'4, and 446,674 in 1874-'5, most of which was the product of the state. In 1873 there were 613,267 acres planted with cotton. The best grows in the S. half of West Tennessee ; it is grown in the whole of the central basin S. of Nashville. As a tobacco-growing state Ten- nessee ranks third, Kentucky being first and Virginia second. The annual product of the state varies from 20,000,000 to 25,000,000 Ibs., or from 13,000 to 22,000 hogsheads. The average yield per acre is between 700 and 800 Ibs., though as much as 1,800 Ibs. can be pro- duced upon the best soils in good seasons. The soil and climate are well adapted to the cultivation of grapes ; much attention has re- cently been given to this industry, and also to the production of honey. The total number of manufacturing establishments, according to the census of 1870, was 5,317, using 732 steam engines of 18,467 horse power and 1,340 water wheels of 19,514 horse power, and employing 19,412 hands, of whom 17,663 were males above 16 years of age, 1,089 females above 15, and 660 youth. The amount of capital in- vested was $15,595,295; wages, $5,390,630; materials, $19,657,027; products, $34,362,636. The statistics of the most important industries were reported as follows : INDUSTRIES. No. of estab- lish- ment!. No. of bands ployed. Capital. Value of product*. Agricultural implements. . . Blacksmithing 25 719 809 883 220 28 1,058 89 2 18 1 1 14 88 209 186 1 44 6 22 702 21 12 3 7 4 10 28 161 11 7C 4 183 15 110 1,445 707 847 818 890 2,218 485 26 837 8 6 1,122 816 453 309 7 218 34 191 2,910 211 66 142 108 161 84 885 421 162 289 72 265 168 $<;2,'.ioo 280,897 181,601 250,595 495,280 970,650 2,891,484 281,810 91,750 253,750 8,000 1,500 1,103,750 69,721 451.097 249,568 5,000 215,650 57,700 168,875 1,622,741 224,900 67,950 165,162 183,500 190,000 44,150 474,800 248,405 127,100 250,850 40,510 185,793 188,075 $182,772 878,888 665,522 1.149,598 936,647 941,542 10,767,888 404,588 15,600 869,222 5,000 6,292 1,147,707 555,111 921,497 922,641 7,500 454,858 194,240 528,550 8,390,687 8S7450 101,200 201,450 214,700 490,000 249,150 911,400 650,071 856,280 487,551 139,100 491,847 204,997 Carpentering and building. Carriages and wagons Cotton goods Flouring and grist-mill " forged and rolled " nails and spikes, cut and wrought " railing, wrought " Dies " castings Leather tanned Liquors, distilled Machinery, not specified. . . " cotton and woollen " railroad repairing. " steam engines and boilers Oil, cotton-seed Patent medicines and com- Printing, newspaper Saddlery and harness Sash, doors, and blinds Tin, copper, and sheet-iron Wool-carding and cloth- Woollen goods