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 TENNENT itian system he became one of its first ad- herents. His most important work is the Geschichte der Philosophic (11 vols., Leipsic, 1798-1819), in which- all systems are regarded from the standpoint of the critical school. An abridgment, Grundriss der Geschichte der Phi- losophie (Leipsic, 1812; 6th ed., 1828), has been translated into English by Arthur John- son (Oxford, 1832; revised by J. D. Morell, London, 1852). His other works include Sys- tem der Platonischen Philosophie (4 vols., Leip- sic, 1792-'4), and translations into German from Locke, Hume, and De Gerando. TENNENT, Sir James Emerson, a British au- thor, born in Belfast, April 7, 1804, died in London, March 6, 1869. His name was ori- ginally Emerson, Tennent being added on the succession of his wife to the estate of her father, William Tennent. He graduated at Trinity college, Dublin, and was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1831, but never prac- tised. Under the name of Emerson he pub- lished "Travels in Greece" (1825); "Letters from the ^Egean " (2 vols., 1829); and "His- tory of Modern Greece" (2 vols., 1830-'45). In 1832 he was elected to parliament for Bel- fast, and represented that city most of the time till 1845. From 1841 to 1845 he was secretary to the India board ; in 1845 he was appointed civil secretary to the colonial gov- ernment of Ceylon, and knighted. He re- turned in 1850, and in 1852 was member of parliament for Lisburn, and for a few months of that year secretary of the poor-law board. In November, 1852, he became one of the joint secretaries of the board of trade, and on his retirement in February, 1867, he was created a baronet. His works include "Belgium" (2 vols., 1841); "A Treatise on the Copyright of Designs for Printed Fabrics, &c." (1841) ; "Christianity in Ceylon, with an Historical Sketch of the Brahminical and Buddhist Su- perstitions" (1850); " Wine, its Use and Tax- ation" (1855); "Account of Ceylon" (2 vols., (1859 ; 5th ed., enlarged, 1860) ; " Sketches of the Natural History of Ceylon" (1861) ; "The Story of the Guns" (1864); and ^'The Wild Elephant, and the Mode of capturing and ta- ming him in Ceylon " (1867). TENNESSEE, one of the southern states of the American Union, the third admitted under the federal constitution, situated between lat. 35 and 36 35' N., and Ion. 81 37' and 90 15' W. ; greatest length from E. to W. 432 m., breadth 109 m. ; area, 45,600 sq. m. according to the federal census, or 42,000 as reported by the state authorities. Its shape is rhomboi- dal, its E. and W. sides sloping at consider- able, though not equal angles. It is bounded N. by Kentucky and Virginia, S. E. by North Carolina, S. by Georgia, Alabama, and Missis- sippi, and W. by Arkansas and Missouri, from which it is separated by the Mississippi river. The state is divided into 94 counties, viz. : Anderson, Bedford, Benton, Bledsoe, Blount, Bradley, Campbell, Cannon, Carroll, Carter, TENNESSEE 641 Cheatham, Claiborne, Clay, Cocke, Coffee, Crockett, Cumberland, Davidson, Decatur, De Kalb, Dickson, Dyer, Fayette, Fentress, Frank- lin, Gibson, Giles, Grainger, Greene, Grundy, Hamblen, Hamilton, Hancock, Hardin, Haw- kins, Hardeman, Haywood, Henderson, Hen- ry, Hickman, Houston, Humphreys, Jackson, James, Jefferson, Johnson, Knox, Lake, Lau- derdale, Lawrence, Lewis, Lincoln, London, McMinn, McNairy, Macon, Madison, Marion, Marshall, Maury, Meigs, Monroe, Montgomery, Moore, Morgan, Obion, Overton, Perry, Polk, Putnam, Rhea, Roane, Robertson, Rutherford, Scott, Sequatchie, Sevier, Shelby, Smith, Stew- art, Sullivan, Sumner, Tipton, Trousdale, Uni- coi, Union, Van Buren, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Weakley, White, Williamson, and Wil- son. The chief cities and towns are: Nash- ville, the capital, which in 1870 had 25,865 in- habitants ; Brownsville, 2,457 ; Chattanooga, 6,093; Clarksville, 3,200; Columbia, 2,550; Gallatin, 2,123; Jackson, 4,119; Knoxville, 8,682 ; Lebanon, 2,073'; Memphis, 40,226 ; State Seal of Tennessee. Murfreesboro, 3,502 ; and Pulaski, 2,070._ The population of the state and its rank in the Union at decennial periods, according to the federal census, have been as follows : YEARS. Whites. Slaves. Free* colored. Aggregate. Rank. 1790.... 31,913 8,417 861 85,691 17 1800.... 1810... 1820... 1830... 1840... 1850... 1860. . . 1870... 91,709 215.875 339,927 535,746 640.627 756,886 826,722 936,119 18,584 44,535 80,107 141,608 188,059 239,459 275,719 809 1,317 2,737 4,555 5,524 6,422 7,300 822,881 105,602 261,727 422,771 681,904 829,210 1,002.717 1,109,801 1,258,520 15 10 9 T 5 5 10 9 Included in the aggregate of 1860 are 60 In- dians, and 70 in that of 1870. Of the total population in 1870, 623,347 were males and 635,173 females; 1,239,204 were of native and 19,316 of foreign birth. Of the natives, 1 027 653 were born in the state, 20,217 in Alabama, 18,021 in Georgia, 19,867 in Ken- tucky, 15,451 in Mississippi, 51,110 in North Carolina, 4,420 in Ohio, 4,074 in Pennsylvania,