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 TENDON TENERANI 639 something in their very nature or use, or some other circumstance of equivalent force, dis- tinctly implies that they are to be left at some other place. And it may happen from the cumbrousness of the articles, or other circum- stances, that it is obviously reasonable and just for the deliverer to ascertain from the receiver, long enough beforehand, where they shall be .delivered ; and then he will be held to this as a legal obligation. If the receiver refuses or neglects to appoint a place, or purposely avoids receiving notice of a place, the deliverer may appoint any place with a reasonable regard to the convenience of the other party, and there deliver the articles. If no expressions used by the parties and nothing in the nature of the goods or the circumstances of the case control the presumption, then the place where the promise is made is the place where it should be performed ; and no action can be maintained upon such a promise unless the plaintiff can show a demand at the proper place and time, or a readiness to receive, and notice equivalent to a demand, or else that the demand would have been nugatory because the defendant could not have complied with it. If by the terms of the contract specific articles are to be delivered at a certain time and place in pay- ' ment of an existing debt, this contract is fully discharged and the debt is paid by a complete and legal tender of the articles at the time and place, although the promisee was not there to receive them ; and no action can be thereafter maintained on the contract. But the property in the goods has passed to the creditor, and he may retain them as his own, or take them else- where ; or he may demand them, and if they are refused bring an action for them as his own. TENDON, the fibrous cord or expansion by which a muscle is connected with the surface of bone. Tendons are composed of parallel bundles of white, inelastic, inextensible, fibrous tissue, the spaces between which are occupied by thin layers of loose areolar tissue, with a small proportion of elastic fibres, sufficient to allow a slight gliding motion of the different tendinous bundles upon each other. As a whole, however, the tendon is both inextensi- ble and inelastic, and thus conveys at once the movement imparted by the muscular contrac- tion to the bone into which it is inserted. The typical form of a tendon is that of a long, flex- ible, cylindrical cord, like those at the lower part of the forearm, for the flexion of the wrist and fingers. Others nre more or less spread out into a ribbon-like form, like that of the sterno-mastoid muscle at the upper extrem- ity of the sternum; while others are expanded into a broad and thin sheet or aponeurosis, like the tendinous expansions of the latissimus dorsi, or of the muscles on the anterior part of the abdomen. The long and cord-like tendons often run in narrow grooves of bone, in which they are confined by fibrous sheets passing over them from edge to edge. Their move- ment is sometimes facilitated by the existence 781 VOL. xv. 41 of closed sacs or lursas, situated between them and the bony surfaces over which they pass, and filled with a glairy lubricating fluid. Some- times, as in the case of the tendon of the superior oblique muscle of the eyeball, they pass through a pulley-like loop or fibrous ring, and then return in an oblique direction to be inserted somewhere between the loop and their point of origin. Sometimes they have devel- oped ^ within them at certain points, where crossing articulations, small bones termed "ses- amoid bones," the inner surface of which takes part in the formation of the joint. The patel- la, or knee pan, is regarded as an unusually large sesamoid bone, developed in the tendon of the great extensor muscle on the front part of the thigh. Owing to their strong fibrous texture and inextensible quality, the tendons, when contracted or bound down by unnatural adhesions, are liable to produce or perpetuate deformities, particularly in the neck and the extremities. They require, under these cir- cumstances, to be divided by a subcutaneous incision, releasing the contracted parts without bringing the air into contact with the wound- ed surface. This practice, known as "tenot- omy," is largely resorted to in cases of wry neck, club foot, and many similar deformities. TENEDOS (in earliest antiquity Calydna, Leu- cophrys, Phcenice, and Lyrnessus), a small isl- and, about 10 m. in circumference, in the Grecian archipelago, now belonging to Tur- key, 13 m. from the mouth of the Hellespont, and 4 m. W. of the coast of the Troad ; pop. about 7,000, two thirds Greeks. The interior is fertile and well cultivated, producing corn, cotton, fruits, and excellent wine. The small town of Tenedos, on the E. coast, has a good port and is defended by two forts ; the Greek quarter was almost entirely destroyed by fire in July, 1874. In the legend of the Trojan war the island is mentioned as the place to which the Greeks withdrew their fleet, in or- der to make the Trojans think that they had departed, after leaving the wooden horse be- fore Troy; and it was employed in the Per- sian war by Xerxes as a naval station. Subse- quently, on several occasions, as in the Pelo- ponnesian, Macedonian, and Mithridatic wars, it figured conspicuously as a stronghold ; and in the middle ages the Turks and Venetians long contested its possession. TENERAM, Pietro, an Italian sculptor, born at Torano, near Carrara, Nov. 11, 1789, died in Rome, Dec. 14, 1869. He studied after 1814 in Rome under Canova and Thorwaldsen, and became professor and finally president of the academy of St. Luke, and in 1860 chief direc- tor of museums. He excelled in religious and classical works, some of which are regarded as superior to the later productions of Canova, and became the head of a school distinguished for a careful elaboration of details and for graceful execution. His best known works include " Christ on the Cross," in silver, in St. Stephen's at Pisa; "The Descent from the