Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XV.djvu/633

 TECHNOLOGY this country ; any good soil suits it ; the seed is sown in spring, the plants thinned to 18 in. and kept cultivated through the season; the next year the flower heads appear, and earth TECUMSEH 605 Wild Teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris), and Head of Fullere' Teasel. is thrown against the plants to keep them up- ~ght; when the flowers wither, the heads are it, leaving 8 or 9 in. of stalk attached, and ried in the sun. Their use is to tease or raise , nap upon cloth, and this is done by the hooks, which catch and pull out one end of the wool fibres, near the surface, leaving the other end )f the fibre still twisted in the thread. For- lerly teasing, or teasling, was done by hand, ie heads being fastened in a frame, and drawn over the surface of the cloth by the operator with a frame in each hand ; now the work is done by machinery; the teasels, cut length- wise into halves or quarters, are attached to a wooden cylindrical frame, which revolves, while at the same time the cloth passes be- neath it. Much inventive talent has been ex- pended in providing substitutes for teasels, but have been discarded ; for the natural tea- f, unlike any artificial substitute, while suffi- ciently strong to perform the required work, ill yield or break in contact with a knot or "ler obstacle, without injury to the cloth. TECHNOLOGY (Gr. re X v^ an art, and Uyo^ discourse), the systematic knowledge of the theory and practice of the industrial arts. It is divisible into several branches, but chiefly " ito chemical technology and mechanical tech- )logy. Chemical technology embraces those lustries which chiefly demand a knowledge chemistry, such as the manufacture of chem- ils, including the various acids and the com- >unds of soda and potash ; the manufacture soap and candles, glass, and the various finds of pottery and porcelain ; the manufac- ire of illuminating gas, and the distillation and jfining of the waste products of gas works id of crude petroleum ; and the distillation and rectification of spirits and the fermenta- tion of wine and beer. Mechanical technolo- gy embraces textile manufactures and the me- chanic arts in general. In many of the arts a combination of both mechanical and chemical knowledge is required, as in glass making and calico printing. Schools of technology are established independently and also in connec- tion with colleges and universities, not only for the advantage of the general student, but for those who intend to become experts in one or at most a few branches, in which the fun- damental principles of the arts are taught, in- cluding mathematics, mechanical engineering, natural philosophy, chemistry, and usually mineralogy and geology. In independent in- stitutions other branches are added. TECUMSEH, or Teemntha, a chief of the Shaw- nee Indians, born near the present town of Springfield, Ohio, about 1768, killed at the battle of the Thames, Oct. 5, 1813. His first prominent appearance was 'in the attack on Fort Recovery in 1794. About 1805 his broth- er Elskwatawa set up as a prophet, denoun- cing the use of liquors, and of all food and manners introduced by the whites. Tecum- seh and the prophet then attempted to unite all the western tribes into one nation to re- sist the whites. They visited the Indians from the lakes to the gulf of Mexico, and soon had a village of 400 Indians gathered at Greenville. Gen. Harrison required them to remove, as it was beyond the Indian limit fixed by treaty. Tecumseh went to Vincennes with 400 warriors to overawe Harrison, and the conference was broken up by his vio- lence. Finding that he had gone too far, he attempted to explain. In 1811, while he was in the south exciting the Creeks and Semi- noles to rise by promise of English aid, Harri- son marched on the prophet's town to demand that the Indians should return to their various tribes, murderers of whites be surrendered, and plunder given up. The prophet attacked him, and was defeated at Tippecanoe, on the "VVabash (Nov. 7). This disconcerted Tecuni- seh's plans and broke the spell of the proph- et's power. When war was declared Avith England, Tecumseh appeared in Canada with a number of warriors, and refused to meet the American commanders in council. He was in the action against Van Home on the Rai- sin, and after being wounded at Maguaga was made a brigadier general in the British forces. He was in command with Proctor at the siege of Fort Meigs, and saved American prisoners from massacre. After the battle of Lake Erie he urged Proctor to engage Harrison when he landed, but accompanied him in his retreat. In the first engagement he was wounded while holding the passage of a stream. With Proc- tor he selected the battle ground at the Thames, in the S. W. corner of Canada, and he com- manded the right wing. Laying aside his sword and uniform in the conviction that he must fall, he put on his hunting dress and