Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XV.djvu/622

 594 TAYLOR and in 1658 was imprisoned in the tower in consequence of his publisher having prefixed to his collection of offices a print of Christ in the attitude of prayer. He was released through the efforts of Evelyn, and on the invitation of the earl of Conway removed to the north of Ireland. In 1660 he went to London to pub- lish his "Ductor Dubitantium," the most ex- tensive work on casuistry in the English lan- guage. While there he signed the royalist declaration of April 24, and Charles II. on his restoration nominated him bishop of Down and Connor, to which the bishopric of Dro- more was soon added. He was shortly after- ward made a member of the Irish privy coun- cil, and elected vice chancellor of the universi- ty of Dublin. His second wife was a natural daughter of Charles I. As a writer of sermons Bishop Taylor stands preeminent. His com- plete works were published by Bishop Heber with a memoir (15 vols., London, 1820-'22), and his life by R. A. Wilmott (London, 1847). TAYLOR, John, an English author, called " the water poet," born in Gloucester in 1580, died in London in 1654. He was educated at the free school of Gloucester, and was apprenticed to a London waterman, an occupation which he followed during the greater part of his life. In 1596 he served in the fleet under the earl of Essex, and was present at the attack upon Cadiz. After his return he plied on the Thames, and collected the lieutenant of the tower's demand on imported wines. Subsequently he kept a public house in Phoenix lane, Long Acre. His publications, in prose and in verse, amounting to upward of 80, are of value as illustrations of opinions and manners during the first half of the 17th century. They were published in folio in 1630. Two of the most curious of his prose works are devoted to descriptions of a journey on foot to Scotland in 1618, and of another, made principally in a boat, from Lon- don to Hereford in 1641. TAYLOR, John, an English minister, born near Lancaster in 1694, died at Warrington, March 5, 1761. He was educated at Whitehaven, and settled for 18 years as teacher and minister at Kirkstead in Lincolnshire. In 17.33 he was chosen pastor of a Presbyterian congregation at Norwich, where he preached for 24 years, and avowed anti-Trinitarian sentiments. In 1757 he became principal of the dissenting academy at Warrington. His principal pub- lished works are : " The Scripture Doctrine of Original Sin" (1738); "A Paraphrase on the Epistle to the Romans "(1745); "The Scrip- ture Doctrine of the Atonement " (1750) ; " An Hebrew English Concordance" (2 vols. fol., 1754-'7); and "A Scheme of Scripture Di- vinity " (1762), edited by his son. TAYLOR, Nathaniel William, an American cler- gyman, born in New Milford, Conn., June 23, 1786, died in New Haven, March 10, 1858. He graduated at Yale college in 1807, studied theology, and in 1812 was ordained pastor of the first church (Congregational) in New Haven, and became eminent as a preacher. In 1822 he was called to the Dwight professorship of didactic theology in Yale college, in which office he continued till his death. In 1828 he preached at New Haven the concio ad clerum, in which he set forth views upon human depravity and other related doctrines which caused him to be widely denounced for heresy ; and for several years he maintained a vigorous discussion of these and similar topics, through the quarterly " Christian Spectator." Since his death four volumes of his works have been published, viz. : " Practical Sermons " (8vo, New York, 1858); "Lectures on the Moral Government of God" (2 vols., 1859); and "Essays, Lectures, &c., upon Select Topics in Revealed Theology" (1859). TAYLOR, Richard, an English printer, born in Norwich, May 18, 1781, died in Richmond, Dec. 1, 1858. He studied the classical and other languages and literature while learning the printer's trade in London, and in 1803 es- tablished himself in business with his father ; and his press soon became the medium through which nearly all the more important works in scientific natural history were published. In 1807 he became a fellow of the Linnsean socie- ty, and in 1810 was elected its under-secretary, an office which he held nearly half a century. He also attached himself from the commence- ment to the " British Association for the Ad- vancement of Science." In 1822 he became a joint editor of the " Philosophical Magazine," and in 1838 he established the "Annals of Natural History." His own literary labors, which were principally in the field of Biblical and philological research, comprise an edition of Tooke's "Diversions of Purley" (1829 and 1840), enriched with notes; Warton's "His- tory of English Poetry " (1840), in the reedit- ing of which he took the chief part ; " Tay- lor's Scientific Memoirs," &c. TAYLOR. I. Stephen William, an American educator, born in Adams, Mass., Oct. 23, 1791, died at Hamilton, N. Y., Jan. 7, 1856. He graduated at Hamilton college, N. Y., in 1817, and became a teacher. From 1838 to 1845 he was professor of mathematics and natural philosophy in Hamilton college (now Madison university), from 1846 to 1851 president of the university of Lewisburg, Pa., and from 1851 till his death president of Madison uni- versity, of which he published a historical sketch. II. Benjamin Franklin, an American au- thor, son of the preceding, born in Lowville, N. Y., in 1822. He was educated at Madison university. For many years he was literary editor of the Chicago "Evening Journal," and during the civil war he was its principal cor- respondent with the armies of the west. Af- ter the war he settled at La Porte, Ind. He has published "The Attractions of Language" (1845); "January and June," essays and po- ems (1853); "Pictures in Camp and Field " (1867); "The World on Wheels," railroad sketches (1873); "Old Time Pictures and