Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XV.djvu/564

 636 SYDNEY SYLLABUS raent buildings, and the treasury. There are two cathedrals, Anglican and Roman Catholic, and about 120 other churches and chapels. There are three theatres, spacious markets, and several parks and gardens. Hyde park contains 40 acres, the Domain 138 acres, and the botanical gardens, the finest in the colo- nies, 38 acres. Prince Alfred park, Belmore park, and Moore park (500 acres) have all been recently laid out on the S. and S. E. sides of the city. Sydney is the residence of an Anglican bishop, who is the metropolitan of the Australian dioceses, and of a Roman Cath- olic archbishop. , Connected with the univer- sity, whose degrees confer the same rank as those of the English universities, are St. Paul's Anglican college, St. John's Roman Catholic college, a Presbyterian college, and a "Wesleyan college. There are also a normal school, a nau- tical school, many public and private schools, a free museum, a free public library, an observa- tory, three daily newspapers, and twelve week- ly and eight monthly periodicals. Since 1855 a branch of the royal mint has been established here. The harbor is completely landlocked, and the largest vessels can come close to the wharves ; and extensive ship yards and dry docks furnish every facility for repairing ves- sels. The port is well defended by several forts and batteries. The entrances at Port Jackson in 18T2 were 1,022 vessels, tonnage 418,164; clearances, 854, tonnage 360,735. The exports to the United States for the year ending Sept. 30, 1874, amounted to $335,465. Sydney was founded in 1788, and named in honor of Viscount Sydney, the colonial secre- tary of state. It was incorporated in 1842. In 1875 an intercolonial industrial exposition was held there. SYDNEY, a port of entry and the capital of Cape Breton co., Nova Scotia, the chief town of the island of Cape Breton and its capital when a separate colony, situated in the E. part of the island, 195 m. N. E. of Halifax ; lat. 46 18' N., Ion. 60 9' W. ; pop. in 1871, 2,900. The harbor is one of the finest in the world. In the vicinity are rich mines of bituminous coal, which are connected with the town by railway. There is considerable trade with Newfoundland and St. Pierre. Sydney con- tains an iron foundery, a tannery, a boot fac- tory, ship yards, three branch banks, a court house, a masonic hall, a weekly newspaper, and churches of six denominations. The value of imports for the year ending June 30, 1874, was $70,554; exports, $588,935. SYDOW, Karl Leopold Adolf, a German theolo- gian, born in Berlin, Nov. 23, 1800. He studied under Schleiermacher, and was chaplain at Potsdam from 1837 to 1846, and for the last 30 years has been pastor of the Neue KircJie at Berlin. He was arraigned in 1872 for heresy, and was censured and fined, but retained his pastorate. Jointly with F. A. Schulze he has translated into German a collection of Chan- ning's works (15 vols., Berlin, 1850-'53). SYENE. See ASSWAN. SYENITE. See GKANITE. SYLLA. See SULLA. SYLLABUS (Gr. avM,afi6q, a collection), the title given to a list of 80 propositions con- demned at -various times as erroneous by Pope Pius IX., which was sent by his order to the Roman Catholic hierarchy, Dec. 8, 1864. Sev- eral previous popes had condemned at one and the same time a series of propositions or heads of doctrine held to be heterodox or dangerous. Such were the 5 propositions containing the principal tenets of the Waldenses, condemned in 1318 by John XXII. ; 21 from Huss, Wyc- liffe, and Jerome of Prague, condemned by Martin Y. in 1418; 6 on the sacraments, from the writings of Peter de Osma, proscribed in 1481 by Sixtus IV.; 41 from the works of Luther and the early reformers, condemned in the bull Exsurge, Domine, by Leo X. in 1520; 76 from Baius, proscribed successively by Pius V., Gregory XIII., and Urban VIII. ; 5 from the Augustinus of Jansenius, condemned by Innocent X. in 1653; 101 relating to Jan- senism, condemned by Clement XI. in the bull Unigenitus in 1713 ; and 85 from the acts of the synod of Pistoja (1786-'7), condemned by Pius VI. in 1794. Pius IX. was moved to a similar act by a pastoral letter issued by Bishop Gerbet of Perpignan in July, 1860, censuring 85 propositions taken from various contemporary writers. On reading this docu- ment, the pope commissioned some Roman theologians to draw up a list, with references, of the errors which he had denounced du- ring the 18 preceding years, in his consisto- rial allocutions or in his official letters. This list was annexed to the bull Quanta cura, issued Dec. 8, 1864, and communicated to the hierarchy by Cardinal Antonelli. In the bull, coming soon after the convention of Sept. 15 between France and Italy, the suppres- sion of religious orders, and the confiscation of church property in Italy, the pope recalled the censure pronounced in the consistorial al- locutions of Nov. 9, 1854, and June 9, 1862, against certain capital errors of the day, re- garded as "the sources of all others" detri- mental to civil society and to the church, and " opposed to the natural law written on the heart and in the very reason of man." He then formally condemned as erroneous vari- ous current doctrines, which inculcate that the perfection of civil government and social progress imperiously require that religion shall be ignored in the constitution and adminis- tration of states, or that no distinction shall be made between true and false religion ; that the best government is that which represses or punishes acts committed against the Cath- olic religion only when these disturb the pub- lic peace, and that the most unlimited free- dom of uttering one's opinions on every sub- ject in public or in private, by writing or in print, shall be deemed an inherent right of every citizen in every form of government ;