Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XV.djvu/465

 SUGAR OF LEAD ending Sept. 30, 1875, are shown in the fol- lowing table : SULLA 449 1873, 1874. 1S75. 77400 82 850 46750 Antwerp " Hamburg " 6,130 84,700 157033 8,540 85,000 136542 9.580 17,000 180 000 Bremen 4i 980 1 890 8840 Trieste " Genoa " 7.950 18900 9,730 21 000 9,330 17500 On the continent " 308,093 295,552 284000 In Great Britain " 653,588 676,488 760,652 Total. " 956,681 972040 1 044,652 The imports from all sources into Great Brit- ain were: in 1872, 784,000 tons; 1873, 833,- 500 tons; 1874, 835,000 tons. The consump- tion in the same years was 715,000, 786,000, and 836,000 tons. The importations of for- eign refined, mainly beet sugar from France, were: in 1872, 87,700 tons; 1873, 118,000 tons; 1874, 136,000 tons. The production of beet sugar holds the balance of power in the sugar markets of the world. In the ten crop years from 1864-'5 to 1874-'5 the production in- creased from 545,000 to 1,054,000 tons. The principal producing countries are France, about 450,000 tons, and Germany, about 280,000 tons; the remainder is produced in Austria, Russia, and Holland. Among the treatises on cane culture and the manufacture of sugar are : Champomier, "Statement of the Sugar Crop made in Louisiana" (annual reports, New Orleans, 1845-'57); Evans, "Sugar Planter's Manual" (London, 1847; Philadelphia, 1848); Wray, "Practical Sugar Planter" (London, 1848;' latest ed., 1871); Leon, "Sugar Culti- vation in Louisiana, Cuba, and the British Possessions " (London, 1848) ; Kerr, " Practi- cal Treatise on the Cultivation of the Sugar Cane, and the Manufacture of Sugar " (Lon- don, 1851) ; Burgh, " Manufacture of Sugar and the Machinery Employed" (London, 1866); Reed, " History of Sugar and Yielding Plants" (London, 1866); and Soames, "Treatise on the Manufacture of Sugar" (London, 1872). The manufacture of beet sugar is described by Dumas in his Traite de cJiimie appliquee aux arts, vol. vi. ; see alsoDureau, De la fabrication du sucre de betterave (Paris, 1858) ; Grant, "Beet-Root Sugar and Cultivation of Beet" (Boston, 1867); and Crooks, "Manufacture of Beet-Root Sugar" (London, 1870). SUGAR OF LEAD. See LEAD, vol. x., p. 246. SUGAR OF MILK, See MILK, SUGAR or. SUICIDE, See FELO DE SE. SUIDAS, a Greek lexicographer, supposed to have lived shortly after the 10th century A. D. His "Lexicon" contains articles on geography, biography, and history, under proper names, which are given coSrdinately with the words of the Greek language, and contains many ex- tracts from ancient Greek writers, the works of some of whom are lost. It appears to have received additions from various hands. The fir^t edition was published by Demetrius Chal- condyles (f ol., Milan, 1499) ; the best are those of T. Gaisford (3 vols. fol., Oxford, 1834) and Bernhardy (4 vols., Halle, 1834-'53). SULIOTES, a people of mixed Albanian and Greek descent, who formerly dwelt in the southern part of the pashalik of Janina, the ancient Epirus. They derive their origin from a number of families who in the 17th century fled from the tyranny of the Turks and took possession of the ridge of the Suli mountains and the valleys on both sides of it. In the second half of the 18th century the popula- tion numbered about 10,000, half Parasuliotes (subjugated people of different origin), and dwelt in 70 villages, Kako-Suli, 1,200 ft. above the river Acheron, being the chief. Near this village they erected the castle of Suli on a semilunar mountain, which terminates in so narrow a ridge as hardly to leave a path from one fortification to another. The Suliotes be- longed to the Greek church, and their language was Albanian, although they also spoke Greek ; their form of government was a mixture of oligarchy and democracy. They were divided into about 30 tribes or clans. In war they usually fought as skirmishers, each clan having its captain, subject to an officer called pole- march, who was elected by vote. In the war of 1787-'92 between Russia and Turkey, the Suliotes strongly supported the former power, defeated in 1789 the troops of All Pasha of Janina, ravaged Acarnania to the Achelous in 1790, and afterward invaded Arta and Janina, and aided the corsair Lambro Canzani with men and money. Deserted by the Russians after the peace of 1792, they fought desperately and successfully against the troops of Ali Pasha, who sought to exterminate them, and secured a truce for a few years. But in May, 1801, Ali renewed the war and put large numbers to the sword ; the women threw themselves into the river rather than be captured. Most of the survivors, about 4,000, in 1803 retired to Parga. Compelled by Ali to leave this place, they went to the Ionian islands. Many after- ward enlisted in the Greek regiments raised by the English during the war, which were disbanded in 1814. When in 1820 Ali Pasha, in revolt against the Porte, was hard pressed by the Turks under Kurshid Pasha, and de- serted by the Albanians, he recalled the Suli- otes. The tyrant of Janina fell in 1822, but the Suliotes remained hostile to the Porte, ad- hering to the cause of Grecian liberty. In spite of the heroic efforts of their leader, Marco Bozzaris, the Suliotes were hemmed in in their inaccessible valley; and at last, Suli being taken, Sept, 4, 1822, they accepted the offer of an asylum from the governor of the Ionian islands. About 2,000 were carried in English ships to Cephalonia, the remainder dispersing among the mountains. SULLA, or Sylla, Lucins Cornelius (Felix), a Ro- man dictator, born in 138 B. C., died in 78.