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 STRATFOED STRATFORD-UPON-AVON 4H gentoratum, which after the Roman conquest was made a frontier fortress against the Ger- mans. It was a free city of the empire during the middle ages, and was a Protestant city till seized by Louis XIV. in 1681. A Catholic bishopric of Strasbourg, however, at the same time ruled a considerable territory on both sides of the Rhine. After about one month's siege and bombardment, the commander, Gen. Ullrich, capitulated to the Germans in the night of Sept. 27-28, 1870 ; and the city was finally incorporated with the German empire by the treaty of May 10, 1871. The fortifications as well as the town have since been much en- larged. See Friese, Vaterlandische GescJiichte der Stadt Strasburg (4 vols., Strasburg, 1791- '5) ; Hermann, Notices Mstoriques, statistiques et litteraires sur la mile de Strasbourg (2 vols., 1819); Documents relatifs au siege de Stras- bourg, by Gen. Uhrich (Paris, 1872) ; Geschichte der Belagerung 'con Strassburg im Jahre 1870, from German official sources, by Reinhard Wag- ner (2 vols., Berlin, 1874) ; and the account of the siege in vol. ix. of the history of the war published by the German general staff (1875). STRATFORD, a town, port of entry, and the capital of Perth co., Ontario, Canada, on the Avon river, at the junction of the Grand Trunk railway with the Buffalo branch, 88 m. W. by S. of Toronto; pop. in 1871, 4,313. It has good water power, and contains manufactories of iron castings, mill machinery, agricultural implements, woollens, steam engines, leather, boots and shoes, &c., and several flouring mills, distilleries, and breweries. The railroad shops are very extensive. There are three branch banks, three weekly (one German) newspa- pers, a monthly periodical, and Baptist, Con- gregational, Episcopal, Methodist, Presbyte- rian, and Roman Catholic churches. The val- ue of imports for the year ending June 30, 1874, was $1,026,038 ; of exports, $247,244. STRATFORD DE REDCLIFFE, Stratford Canning, viscount, better known as Sir Stratford Can- ning, an English diplomatist, born in London, Jan. 6, 1788. In 1809 he was appointed sec- retary of embassy at Constantinople, in 1814 minister plenipotentiary to Switzerland, in 1820 a special commissioner at Washington, and in 1824 at St. Petersburg. He was am- bassador to Constantinople from 1825 to 1827, and again from 1841 to 1858; and his diplo- matic activity was very conspicuous both du- ring the negotiations which resulted in the intervention of the western powers in favor of Greece, and during the opening period of the Crimean war. He was a warm friend of Reshid Pasha, and many important reforms in Turkey, particularly those affecting the con- dition of the Christian population, were at- tributed to his efforts. He was ennobled in 1852. He has published "Why am I a Chris- tian?" (1873), and a play entitled " Alfred the Great in Athelney " (1876). STRATFORD-UPON-AVON, a town of War- wickshire, England, on the right side of the river Avon, 8 m. S. W. of Warwick, and 82 m. N. W. of London; pop. in 1871, 3,863. The town exhibits the architecture of the 16th and Shakespeare's Birthplace. 17th centuries. Annual fairs are held for the sale of horses, cattle, corn, and cheese. Strat- ford was a place of some consequence as early as the middle of the 8th century, but derives Shakespeare's Tomb. its chief interest now from the fact that it was the birthplace of Shakespeare, his abode in youth and age, and the place of his death and