Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XV.djvu/24

 SIBERIA asfisrttSSsS i - HSS to 5? &SKtsrttftBfeM5 1 !fe*ii*ttii!E :5 ocs, e carboniferous systems, are found in the an ^ the remdeer to mlgrate oun gmrts J55BSSrt?F of the sea. th In August frosts begin at try. me i :, " j throughout shores of the sea. .in A^UWMV^. of elephants and other animals, ft P/J P 6QO the silver fir ceases at large quantities of ivory are procured. . (bee lar^ noroi ^ ^ ^^ ^ birch . g t MAMMOTH.) Mining operatic The although dwarf specimens are sometimes confined to three parts of the country. * > , h th tlie p i ne s found on arid westernmost district is on the E. f ace , o ^ the g^S^igJ^ lat P 6 4, and the red fir Ural mountains and occupies a tract about 40 lope an g ^ ^ g paral _ m. broad, extending between lat. 56 oy^ gold, silver, plat : precious stones, Thisr found i 1th twisted trunks and many toancheiTare found in the southern part of the rrhoVe^not officiaUy included | Z^^S^ffSStZZ r^tiln" ironed arsenic are al! found ^^^^^Be^SSb.bK n/1 thArfl am pmerftld and tooaz mines of great it .N. &. bioena wouia oe neariy umuu I on With the opening of summer the melting snows For- are rapidly followed by foliage and fir- slope, of the Ural mountains. Phyry; R --3-^=^5^-* ^e whole region is converted for a short time uses, and mici used as a substitute for window into a blooming garden The flora of Irkutsk ZL^e common. Salt is found in great is richer than that of Berlin, exhibiting the Sundance on the steppes, and on the surface plants of warmer countries beside those of t . ^ *K O lotoa hrA t.h snminP.r heat arctic reeions. Turtchanmoff discovered 1,000 ItllCK lintl SO SO1H1 IIIJII UUZISIS UI UU1UC11 piiao U"0 ucuia-o J vi, t ^ 14. over in safety. The climate of Siberia is much Siberia, is much land well suited for agncultu- colder than in corresponding latitudes in Eu- ral purposes. Wheat, barley, rye, buckwheat, rope. At Ustyansk, at the mouth of the river oats, and hemp are grown, and some interior Yana, in lat 70 55', the mean annual tern- tobacco. Grain is cultivated as far north as perature is 4-39 F., while at North cape in lat. 61, and turnips and other vegetables of Europe, a few minutes further north, it is temperate climates thrive in favorable places. 32. At Irkutsk, in lat. 52 17', 1,240 ft. Reindeer and wild sheep are found on the above the sea, the mean temperature is 31; mountains which separate Siberia from Mon- in winter quicksilver freezes, and remains so golia, and the former roam in vast herds for about two months. In 1864 Pumpelly throughout the N. part of the country. Ihe saw the thermometer indicate 70 below zero Bengal tiger and a species of panther (felis irbis) at a station near Irkutsk. The severity of the also inhabit these mountains, and are sometimes climate increases toward the east. At Nizhni seen much further north. The Caspian ante- Kolymsk, at the mouth of the Kolyma, in lat. lope is found in the southwest, and the black 68 31', Ion. 160 56', and nearly on a level with the sea, the river freezes over in the be- ng of September, and is not again free . from ice till the beginning of June. The sea begins to freeze in October, but the cold at is somewhat diminished by vapors which rise from it before the ice forms. In January the thermometer falls to 60 below becomes difficult. The cold is almost as great in February, but in and arctic or stone fox in the north. Sables, er- mines, marmots, martens, and squirrels abound in the south. The white bear, the lynx, the wolf, the wild hog, and the glutton are com- mon everywhere. The dog of the country, which bears a strong resemblance to the wolf, is used to drag sledges. The animals belong- ing to central Asia are nearly all found in the S. part of Siberia. Camels are kept by the Calmucks and some other tribes, but do not