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 SOUTHWELL SOITHWELL, Robert, nn English author, born lit H-.rsham St. Faith's, Norfolk, in 1560, exe- cuted at Tyburn, Feb. 21, 1595. He was edu- cated at Douai, became a Jesuit at Rome in 1578, was appointed rector of the English col- lege there in 1585, and in 1586 was sent as a missionary to England. He ministered secret- ly to the scattered Roman Catholics, residing principally as chaplain in the household of the countess of Arundel. In 1592 he was impris- oned in the tower, and was ten times subject- ed to the torture to make him disclose a plot against Queen Elizabeth. He was much re- vered among Roman Catholics for his gentle- ness and purity of life, and his cause has been lately introduced for canonization in the Ro- man ecclesiastical courts. His most important poems are contained in " St. Peter's Complaint and other Poems " (4to, London, 1595 ; last ed. with sketch of his life by W. J. Walter, 1817), and "Mcenonife, or Certaine excellent Poems and Spirituall Hymnes " (4to, 1595). His chief prose works are : " The Triumph over Death " (1595); "Epistle of Comfort to those Catho- lics who lie under Restraint" (8vo, 1605); and " Marie Magdalen's Funeral Teares " (4to, 1609; new ed., 1823). Collective editions of his works were published in 1620, 1630, 1634, 1637, and 1828 ; and a complete edition of his poetical works in 1856. SOITHWORTH, Emma D. E. (NEVITT), an American authoress, born in Washington, D. C., Dec. 26, 1818. She was married in 1841, and two years later, being thrown upon her own resources, she resorted to her pen for sup- port. She wrote for the " National Era," a newspaper published in Washington, and in 1849 republished from it her first novel, " Ret- ribution." Her later works are very numer- ous, including "The Deserted Wife," "Shan- nondale," " The Curse of Clifton," " The Lost Heiress," " The Discarded Daughter," " Cruel as the Grave," " Tried for her Life," " A Beau- tiful Fiend " (1873), and "The Spectre Lover " (1875). An edition of her works was pub- lished at Philadelphia in 1872, in 35 vols. SOUVESTRE, Emlte, a French author, born in Morlaix, April 15, 1806, died in Paris, July 5, 1854. After failing to get his first drama per- formed in Paris, he became in 1820 a publish- er's clerk at Nantes, and finally a journalist and litterateur, settling in Paris about 1836. After the revolution of 1848 he received a professor- ship in the new school of administrative sci- ence, and delivered popular lectures there and subsequently in Switzerland, which were pub- lished under the title of Cauteries historiques < t Htt.'ru'irp* (2 vols., 1854). He excelled as a vrit.-r of didactic novels and tales. His Philo- tophe tout let toitt received in 1851 an academi- cal prize. Shortly after his death the Lambert prize for the most beneficent works was given on his behalf to his widow, who also wrote and translated various works. His sketches of life in Brittany include Let derniert Bre- ton* (4 vols., 1835-'7). In 1868 an English SOY translation of his " Legends of Brittany " ap- peared in New York, and one of " Pleasure of Old Age " in London. SOWERBY. ! James, an English naturalist, born in Lambeth, March 21, 1757, died Oct. 25, 1822. In early life he was a painter of portraits and miniatures, and later took up natural history in connection with his art. He published " English Botany, or colored Figures of all the Plants Natives of Great Britain," with descriptions by Sir J. E. Smith, M. D. (36 vols. royal 8vo, 1792-1807 ; supplement by his son James De Carle Sowerby, 4 vols., 1815-'49; new ed. by J. T. B. Syme, 10 vols., 1863-'70) ; " Colored Figures of English Fungi or Mushrooms, with Descriptions " (3 vols. fol., 1797-1809); "British Mineralogy" (5 vols. 8vo, 1804-'17) ; "Exotic Mineralogy" (2 vols. roy. 8vo, 1811-'17); "British Miscellany" (animal subjects, 12 parts, 1804-'6) ; and "Mineral Conchology of Great Britain" (6 vols., 600 colored plates, 1812-'41 ; vols. v. and vi. by his son James De Carle). He was a fel- low of the Linna3an and geological societies. II. George Brettingham, son of the preceding, born in Lambeth, Aug. 12, 1788, died July 26, 1854. He assisted his father in the entomo- logical portion of his works, and published " Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells" (42 parts 8vo, 264 colored plates, 1822-'34; drawings and engravings by his father and his brother James De Carle), and " Species Conchylio- rum, or Original Descriptions and Observations of all the Species of Recent Shells with their Varieties" (4to, 1830, unfinished). III. George Brettingham, son of the preceding, born March 25, 1812. He has published " Manual of Con- chology," with upward of 650 figures of shells on 24 copper plates (8vo, 1839 ; 4th ed., re- vised, 1852) ; " Conch ological Illustrations" (6 vols. 8vo, 1841) ; " Thesaurus Conchyliorum, or Figures and Descriptions of Shells" (30 parts imp. 8v, 1842-'71); "Popular British Conchology" (16mo, 1854; new ed., 1866); "Popular History of the Aquarium" (16mo, 1857 ; new ed., 1865) ; " Illustrated Compan- ion to Kingsley's Glaucus" (1858); "Illus- trated Index of British Shells " (royal 8vo, 24 plates, 1859); and "Labels for the recognized Species of British Shells" (1861). He also furnished drawings for Reeve's " Elements of Conchology" and " Land and Fresh- water Mol- lusks of the British Isles." SOY (Japanese, sooja), a sauce prepared in Ja- pan and Chin a from the seeds of a plant former- ly called toja hispida, but now glycine hispida. The plant is erect, much branched, and roughly hairy, has pea-like flowers in axillary racemes, and hairy pods with two to five compressed seeds. In preparing the soy the seeds are boiled with water nearly to dryness, then put in wide-mouthed jars with water and sugar, and exposed to the sun and air. Every day they are well stirred ; and when the fermenta- tion is completed the mixture is strained, salted, ! and boiled, and skimmed until clarified. Soy