Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XV.djvu/169

 SOMERSET SOMERVILLE 161 2 manufactories of agricultural implements, 8 of cheese, 1 of pig iron, 3 of castings, 10 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 18 flour mills, and 7 saw mills. Capital, Somerville. III. A S. W. county of Pennsylvania, bordering on Mary- land, bounded W. by the Youghiogheny river and Laurel ridge, and intersected in the south by Oastleman's river; area, 1,000 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 28,226. The surface is generally mountainous, and the soil fertile. The glades are admirably adapted to grazing. The coun- ty abounds in bituminous coal, and iron ore, fire clay, and cannel coal of excellent quality are found. It is traversed by the Pittsburgh, Washington, and Baltimore railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 134,641 bushels of wheat, 142,515 of rye, 92,277 of Indian corn, 559,616 of oats, 49,779 of buckwheat, 84,476 of potatoes, 51,327 tons of hay, 80,177 Ibs. of wool, 1,344,522 of butter, 11,005 of flax, and 674,326 of maple sugar. There were 8,273 horses, 13,811 milch cows, 15,157 other cattle, 32,343 sheep, and 10,748 swine; 43 tan- neries, 16 saw mills, and 14 woollen mills. Capital, Somerset. IV. A S. E. county of Maryland, on the E. shore of Chesapeake bay, and bounded S. E. by the Pocomoke river and sound ; area, about 400 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 18,190, of whom 7,274 were colored. The surface is level and the soil generally fer- tile. It is intersected by the Eastern Shore railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 40,719 bushels of wheat, 251,883 of Indian >rn, 100,110 of oats, 105,009 of Irish and t2,026 of sweet potatoes, and 9,090 Ibs. of wool. There were 1,235 horses, 1,693 milch jows, 4,427 other cattle, 3,199 sheep, and T,628 swine. Capital, Princess Anne. SOMERSET, Edward Seymour, duke of. See SEYMOUR. SOMERSET, Robert Carr, earl of. See OVER- BURY, Sir THOMAS. SOMERSETSHIRE, a S. W. county of England, bordering on the counties of Gloucester, Wilts, )rset, and Devon, and the Bristol channel; rea, 1,636 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 463,412. The >ast is indented by several bays, the chief of which is Bridgewater bay. The principal riv- ers are the Avon, Frome, Yeo, Axe, Brue, and Parret. The Avon, Bridgewater, and other canals, and the Great Western railway inter- sect the county. The surface is hilly, but there is also a great extent of marshy land, and much of the soil is very fertile. Wheat and potatoes are the principal crops, and large numbers of cattle and sheep are reared. Coal, iron, and lead are largely produced. Woollen cloth, canvas, gloves, silk, lace, paper, glass, and various kinds of iron ware are manufac- tured. Somersetshire contains many remains of antiquity. Bristol is partly in this coun- ty, and the other principal towns are Bath, the capital, Wells, Taunton, Bridgewater, and Frome. SOMERSWORTH, a town of Straff ord co., New Hampshire, on the Salmon Falls river, which separates it from Maine, and on the Eastern and Boston and Maine railroads, 33 m. E. of Concord and 65 m. N. of Boston ; pop. in 1870, 4,504. It is the fifth town in the state in point of manufactures, the principal village being Great Falls, near the falls of that name in Sal- mon Falls river. The Great Falls manufac- turing company, with a capital of $1,500,000, controls the water power (reckoned at 3,200 horse power), and employs about 1,800 hands, manufacturing about 20,000,000 yards of cot- ton goods annually. The Great Falls wool- len company manufactures cassimeres, and the Somersworth machine company stoves and castings of all kinds; these have a capital of $100,000 each. There are several smaller man- ufactories, including a flour mill with a capital of $30,000. The village contains three banks, two hotels, about 60 stores, 15 schools, a pub- lic library of 6,000 volumes, a weekly news- paper, and six churches. SOMERVILLE, a N. E. central co. of Texas, intersected by the Brazos river; area, about 300 sq. m. It was formed in 1875 from Hood co. The surface is rolling and the soil fertile. Wheat, Indian corn, and cotton grow well. Capital, Glen Rose. SOMERVILLE, a city of Middlesex co., Massa- chusetts, on the Mystic river, 2 m. N. W. of the state house, Boston; pop. in 1850, 3,540; in 1860, 8,025; in 1870, 14,685; in 1875, 21,868. It borders S. W. on Cambridge. The surface is uneven; the principal elevations are Pros- pect, Spring, Central, and Winter hills. A public park of about 16 acres has been laid out in the. E. part of the city. It is lighted with gas and supplied with water from Mystic pond. It is connected with Boston by three lines of horse cars and four steam railroads. A large portion of the inhabitants do business in Bos- ton. The principal manufacturing establish- ments are five brick yards, a bleachery and dye works, a leather-currying establishment, an iron foundery, an art foundery, several carriage factories, two manufactories of glass- ware, and one each of earthenware, grate bars, ice tools, ladders, mats, spikes, brass and cop- per tubes, steam boilers, &c. The city is di- vided into four wards, and is governed by a mayor, 8 aldermen, and 16 councilmen. The valuation of property in 1874 was $30,837,- 700, and the funded debt at the close of the year was $1,419,854. There are 18 public school houses, including a high school, under the control of a committee of three members from each ward; average attendance in 1874, 3,022 ; expenditures, $86,705 13, of which $55,990 62 were for teachers' wages. The free public library contains about 5,000 vol- umes. There are two weekly newspapers and 15 churches, viz. : 3 Baptist, 3 Congregational, 2 Episcopal, 4 Methodist, 1 Roman Catholic, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Universalist. The McLean asylum for the insane is in the E. part of the city. Somerville was set off from Charlestown in 1842, and incorporated as a city in 1872.