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 122 SMITH of a roasted butterfly." A collection of his writings, comprising his review articles, "Pe-
 * nicy's Letters," and various pamphlets

and miscellanies, was published in 1839-'40 (4 vols. 8vo; afterward in several other forms). He left also in manuscript an account of Eng- lish misrule in Ireland, which his widow was advised by Macaulay not to publish. In 1855 appeared a memoir of him by his daughter Saba, the wife of Sir Henry Holland; and a volume of his writings and sayings, entitled " The Wit and Wisdom of Sydney Smith," was collected with a memoir by E. A. Duyckinck (New York, 1856). SMITH, Thomas Sonthwood, an English physi- cian, born at Martock, Somersetshire, Dec. 21, 1788, died in Florence, Italy, Dec. 10, 1861. He studied medicine at the university of Ed- inburgh, and settled in the country, but in 1820 removed to London, and was one of the founders of the " Westminster Keview." His work on "The Use of the Dead to the Liv- ing," reprinted from the earlier numbers of the "Review," was instrumental in the pas- sage by parliament of the anatomy act, which put an end to the business of "resurrection." In 1824 he was appointed physician to the London fever hospital, and somewhat earlier to the eastern dispensary. In 1832 he was one of the commissioners to inquire into the condition of factory children, and his report led to the passage of the factory act. In 1838 he presented to the poor-law commission- ers the first of a series of reports on the "Physical Causes of Sickness and Mortality which are capable of Removal by Sanitary Regulations." This led to the appointment of a sanitary committee by the house of com- mons in 1840, and of the health of towns commission in 1842. Dr. Smith was appointed in 1840 a commissioner to inquire into the condition of children and young persons in the mines and factories not reached by the factory act, and his reports induced the exclusion of young children and women from mining la- bor. In 1847, as one of the metropolitan san- itary commissioners, he made a report on the means requisite for the improvement of the health of the metropolis, of which the result was the public health act of 1848 and the es- tablishment of a general board of health. On its abolition he received a pension of 300. His principal works are: "Illustrations of the Divine Government" (Glasgow, 1814; 5th ed., London, 1866); "Treatise on Fever" (1830), long a standard with the profession ; and " The Philosophy of Health" (2 vols. 12mo, 1835-'7- 12th ed., 1868). SMITH, WlffltB, called the father of English geology, born at Churchill, Oxfordshire, March 23, 1769, died in Northampton, Aug. 28, 1839. In his youth he was a land surveyor and civil engineer, and was led to geological studies by his professional observations. He began in >f;ip of the Strata of England and Wales," and in 1799 published in tabular form "The Order of the Strata and their Organic Remains in the vicinity of Bath, examined and proved prior to 1799." In 1801 a small geological map of England was produced, and in 1815 the "Geological Map of England and Wales, with Part of Scotland," with a trea- tise. Between 1819 and 1824 he published 21 geological maps of English counties, col- ored to represent the strata, and some works on organic remains. In 1824-'8 he lectured on geology. In 1831 he received from the geological society the Wollaston medal for his discoveries in geology. SMITH, William, an English scholar, born in London in 1814. He was educated at Univer- sity college, London, and studied law, but be- came professor of the Greek, Latin, and Ger- man languages at the Independent collegiate schools of Highbury and Homerton. In 1850 he was appointed professor of Greek and Latin in New college, London, and in 1853 classi- cal examiner in the university of London. In 1867 he became editor of the "Quarterly Review." He has edited a " Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities " (8vo, 1842) ; " Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology " (3 vols. 8vo, 1843-'9) ; " Dic- tionary of Greek and Roman Geography" (2 vols., 1854-7) ; and "Dictionary of the Bible " (3 vols., 1860-'63). All these dictionaries have been abridged by him for the use of schools. The first and the abridged edition of the sec- ond and third combined have been edited by Charles Anthon (New York, 1843 and 1850). The " Dictionary of the Bible " has been abridged by the Rev. S. W. Barnum (New York, 1868), and edited and enlarged by Prof. H. B. Hackett (4 vols., New York, 1868-'70). He has also published a " History of Greece," and an abridgment of the same, an edition of Gibbon's " Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire," and a "Student's Gibbon," a "Stu- dent's Hume," and "Student's Hallam's Mid- dle Ages," each in one volume; a Latin-Eng- lish dictionary (1855), based on Forcellini and Freund; with J. D. Hall, "A copious and critical English-Latin Dictionary " (1870) ; with George Grove, a "Historical Atlas of Ancient Geography, Biblical and Classical " (1873) ; and " Modern Geography for Schools " (1873). In 1874 he was preparing "A Dic- tionary of Christian Antiquities" and "A Dic- tionary of Christian Biography and Doctrines." He has also published Latin and Greek courses for schools, and other educational works, of which numerous editions have been issued. SMITH, William Andrew, an American clergy- man, born in Fredericksburg, Va., Nov. 29, 1802, died in Richmond, March 1, 1870. In 1825 he was admitted to the Virginia confer- ence of the Methodist Episcopal church. In 1833 ho became agent of Randolph Macon col- lege, after which he served as pastor of principal Methodist churches of Richmonc Petersburg, Norfolk, and Lynchburg. He was a member of every general conference from