Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIV.djvu/86

 78 PULASKI bales of cotton. There were 855 horses, 940 mules and asses, 2,868 milch cows, 6,230 other cattle, 6,767 sheep, and 12,728 swine. Capi- tal, Hawkinsville. III. A central county of Arkansas, intersected by the Arkansas river and drained by its branches ; area, 1,200 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 32,066, of whom 5,948 were colored. In the south the surface is level, and in the north and west hilly, and the soil is moderately fertile. Lead, slate, and excellent granite are found. It is intersected by the Memphis and Little Rock, the Little Rock and Fort Smith, and the Cairo and Fulton rail- roads. The chief productions in 1870 were 9,673 bushels of wheat, 516,519 of Indian corn, 16,442 of oats, 26,252 of Irish and 41,743 of sweet potatoes, 161,310 Ibs. of butter, and 14,891 bales of cotton. There were 2,888 horses, 1,913 mules and asses, 4,341 milch cows, 5,514 other cattle, 2,288 sheep, and 24,977 swine ; 2 manufactories of boots and shoes, 1 of carriages and wagons, 4 of clothing, 8 of furniture, 2 of iron castings, 2 of ma- chinery, 2 of sash, doors, and blinds, 3 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 2 of cigars, 1 planing mill, nnd 10 saw mills. Capital, Lit- tle Rock, wliioh is also the capital of the state. IV. A S. E. county of Kentucky, bordered S. by the Cumberland river, and E. by the Rock Castle; area, about 550 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 17,670, of whom 1,075 were colored. It has a diversified surface, with several elevated ranges, and contains iron, lead, and coal. The chief productions in 1870 were 43,918 bushels of wheat, 466,379 of Indian corn, 176,016 of oats, 34,790 of Irish and 21,709 of sweet potatoes, 279,716 Ibs. of butter, 37,341 of wool, 47,749 of tobacco, and 2,252 tons of hay. There were 4,854 horses, 1,187 mules and asses, 4,631 milch cows, 1,055 working oxen, 4,747 other cattle, 21,579 sheep, and 22,570 swine. Capi- tal, Somerset. V. A N. W. county of Indiana, intersected by Tippecanoe river ; area, 435 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 7,801. It has a nearly level surface, about equally divided between prairie and oak openings, and a generally fertile soil. It is intersected by the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and St. Louis, and the Louisville, New Albany, and Chicago railroads. The chief productions in 1870 were 87,640 bushels of wheat, 12,035 of rye, 60,512 of Indian corn, 25,186 of oats, 50,102 of potatoes, 147,015 Ibs. of butter, 22,- 266 of wool, and 14,442 tons of hay. There were 2,576 horses, 8,341 milch cows, 5,427 other cattle, 7,823 sheep, and 5,008 swine. Capital, Winamac. VI. A S. county of Illi- nois, separated from Kentucky by the Ohio river and bordered N. W. by Cache river ; area, about 175 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 8,752. It has a level and well wooded surface and a fertile soil. It is intersected by the Illinois Central and the Cairo and Vincennes railroads. The chief productions in 1870 were 44,922 bushels of wheat, 195,735 of Indian corn, 16,- 511 of oats, 24,652 of potatoes, and 157,000 Ibs. of tobacco. There were 871 horses, 842 milch cows, 1,736 other cattle, 1,880 sheep, and 5,715 swine. Capital, Mound City. VII. A S. county of Missouri, intersected by the Gas- conade river and drained by several of its branches; area, 1,332 sq. in.; pop. in 1870, 4,714, of whom 25 were colored. The surface is hilly and the soil generally fertile. It is in- tersected by the Atlantic and Pacific railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 28,037 bushels of wheat, 201,019 of Indian corn, 20,- 873 of oats, 9,020 Ibs. of tobacco, 7,150 of wool, 75,580 of butter, and 6,052 gallons of sorghum molasses. There were 1,481 horses, 1,271 milch cows, 2,949 other cattle, 3,886 sheep, and 10,154 swine. Capital, Waynesville. Pl'LASKI, Casimlr (Pol. KAZIMIERZ I YI.AWSKI), count, a Polish soldier, born in Lithuania, March 4, 1747, died from a wound received in the attack on Savannah, Oct. 11, 1779. He was the son of a Polish nobleman, the starosta of Wareck, who was the chief organizer of the confederation of Bar, which was signed by his three sons (1768). Casimir, who had acquired military experience in the service of Duke Charles of Courland, entered heartily into the war for the liberation of his country. Forced to cross the Dniester, he took refuge after the storming of Bar in the monastery of Berditchev with 300 men, and after sustaining a siege of several weeks capitulated on the condition that the garrison should be set at liberty. Ho himself was not freed until he had pledged himself to bear proposals for a reconciliation to the chiefs of the confederates ; but as soon as he was set at liberty he refused to keep a promise extorted by force. Joining his father in Moldavia, ho made incursions across the Dniester, and attacked the Russians and forti- fied posts within the Polish borders. He car- ried on a desultory warfare in various parts of the country, until an unsuccessful attempt to gain possession of the person of King Stanis- las Augustus, in 1771, caused a sentence of outlawry and death to be passed against him, on the ground that it was his intention to assassinate the monarch. The coalition of Austria, Russia, and Prussia for the conquest and division of Poland was soon after com- pleted, and resistance became hopeless. Pu- laski, who had lost his father and brothers in the war, made his way to Turkey, and after- ward went to France, where he offered his services in the American cause to Franklin. With high recommendations to Washington he arrived at Philadelphia in the summer of 1777. He at first served in the army as a volunteer ; but four days after the battle of Brandy wine, in which he distinguished himself, he was ap- pointed by congress commander of the cavalry with the rank of brigadier general. After five months he resigned his command, and entered the main army at Valley Forge in March, 1778, where he proposed to organize an inde- pendent corps of cavalry and light infantry, to which congress assented. By October 330 men were in this corps, which was called Pu-