Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIV.djvu/732

 706 SCOTLAND (CHTTBCH OF) SCOTT ter of the kingdom. Her son James VI. had been crowned king in 1567, while yet an infant. During his minority, after Murray's assassina- tion in 1570, the earls of Lennox, Mar, and Morton were successively regents, till in 1581 Morton was tried and executed for treason, and the king took the government into his own hands. During all this period the king- dom was distracted by civil war, which had gradually assumed a religious character from the contest between Catholicism and Protes- tantism for supremacy, in which the Protes- tants were finally successful, and Presbyteri- anism became the established religion of Scot- land. James, by his descent from Margaret Tudor, the mother of James V., was the heir to the English crown on the death of Queen Elizabeth, and accordingly in 1603 he succeed- ed to the throne of England. This event, which united the two nations under one head, closed the history of Scotland as a separate kingdom, though it was not till 1707 that the countries were legislatively united. During the great civil wars of England in the 17th century Scotland was the scene of many im- portant events, to which reference has been made in the article ENGLAND. Since the union the most remarkable occurrences in her annals are the two rebellions of 1715 and 1745, the object of which was the restoration of the exiled Stuarts to the throne. See "History of Scotland during the Reigns of Mary and James VI.," by William Robertson (2 vols. 4to, 1759); P. F. Tytler's " History of Scotland" (9 vols., 1828-'48); and "History of Scotland from Agricola's Invasion to the Revolution of 1688," by John Hill Burton (7 vols., Edinburgh and London, 1867-'70). SCOTLAND, ( liurch of. See PRESBTTEKIANISM. SCOTT, the name of 11 counties in the United States. I. A S. W. county of Virginia, bound- ed S. by Tennessee and intersected by Clinch river and the N. fork of Holston river; area, about 450 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 18,036, of whom 524 were colored. The Clinch mountain and several parallel ridges traverse it. The soil is generally good, and adapted to grazing. Bitu- minous coal and iron abound. The " Natural Tunnel," perforated through a lofty ridge by a branch of the Clinch river, is in this county. The chief productions in 1870 were 58,583 bushels of wheat, 222,254 of Indian corn, 68,- 730 of oats, 16,557 Ibs. of tobacco, 24,249 of wool, 95,354 of butter, 6,645 of flax, 31,818 of maple sugar, 22,539 of honey, and 13,980 gal- lons of sorghum molasses. There were 2,528 horses, 2,991 milch cows, 4,430 other cattle, 13,415 sheep, and 10,076 swine. Capital, Es- tillville. II. A central county of Mississippi, drained by several tributaries of Pearl river ; area, about 600 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 7,847, of whom 3,167 were colored. There are large forests of pine, and the soil is sandy and sterile. It is intersected by the Vicksburg and Meridian railroad. The chief productions in 1870 wore 131,775 bushels of Indian corn, 9,450 of oats, and 3,560 bales of cotton. There were 988 horses, 567 mules and asses, 2,843 milch cows, 956 working oxen, 3,296 other cattle, 2,399 sheep, and 11,429 swine. Capital, Hillsboro. III. A W. county of Arkansas, drained by the Fourche la Fave, Petit Jean, and other tribu- taries of the Arkansas river ; area, about 800 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 7,483, of whom 121 were colored. The surface is uneven and the soil generally fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 13,141 bushels of wheat, 304,408 of Indian corn, 9,940 of oats, 30,411 Ibs. of tobacco, 3,128 of wool, 71,530 of butter, and 678 bales of cotton. There are 2,514 horses, 296 mules and asses, 3,057 milch cows, 1,218 working oxen, 4,374 other cattle, 2,268 sheep, and 21,753 swine. Capital, Waldron. IV. A N. E. county of Tennessee, bordering on Ken- tucky, and drained by the Big South fork of the Cumberland river; area, 300 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 4,054. It is traversed by the Cumber- land mountains, and has an abundance of tim- ber and coal. The chief productions in 1870 were 88,311 bushels of Indian corn, 17,793 of oats, 9,283 Ibs. of tobacco, 12,560 of wool, 71,- 810 of butter, and 22,268 of honey. There were 824 horses, 1,400 milch cows, 2,587 other cattle, 6,589 sheep, and 13,189 swine. Capital, Huntsville. V. A N. county of Kentucky, drained by tributaries of the Kentucky river ; area, 240 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 11,607, of whom 3,955 were colored. The surface is generally hilly and the soil extremely fertile. Fine blue limestone is found in great abundance. The Louisville, Cincinnati, and Lexington railroad crosses the S. portion. The chief productions in 187.0 were 47,770 bushels of wheat, 26,774 of rye, 573,620 of Indian corn, 76,156 of oats, 82,900 Ibs. of tobacco, 31,829 of wool, 70,499 of butter, and 10,838 gallons of sorghum mo- lasses. There were 3,728 horses, 1,413 mules and asses, 2,242 milch cows, 5,171 other cattle, 7,743 sheep, and 16,397 swine. Capital, George- town. VI. A S. E. county of Indiana, drained by affluents of White river ; area, about 200 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 7,873. The surface is flat, except in the west, where are some high hills called the Knobs. The soil is good. The Ohio and Mississippi and the Jeffersonville, Madison, and Indianapolis railroads traverse it. The chief productions in 1870 were 41,756 bushels of wheat, 213,475 of Indian corn, 69,- 235 of oats, 6,729 tons of hay, 16.700 Ibs. of tobacco, 28,007 of wool, 131,080 of butter, and 30,814 gallons of sorghum molasses. There were 2,342 horses, 1,509 milch cows, 2,309 other cattle, 9,652 sheep, and 8,815 swine ; 5 manufactories of carriages and wagons, and 11 sawmills. Capital, Lexington. VII. A W. county of Illinois, bounded W. by Illinois river and intersected by Plume and other creeks ; area, 255 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 10,530. The surface is mostly level and well timbered, and the soil very fertile. Coal and limestone abound. It is traversed by the Rockford, Rock Island, and Pacific, and the Toledo, Wabash, and West-