Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIV.djvu/670

 646 SAVANNAH SAVE city is governed by a mayor and 12 aldermen, elected biennially. It has a good police force and an efficient fire department with a fire- alann telegraph. The amount of taxable real estate and improvements is about $14,000,000. The receipts into the city treasury during 1874 were $988,320 65, of 'which $362,869 65 were from loans; expenditures, $975,991 61, of which $353,505 were to pay floating debt and bonds. The funded debt oa Jan. 1, 1875, amounted to $3,600,140, on which the annual interest is $251,052 90. The principal charita- ble institutions are the poorhouse and hospital, an orphans' home, a dispensary, and an infir- mary. The public schools of the city and of the county of Chatham are under the manage- ment of a board of education of 12 members. The schools for white and colored children are separate. In the year 1874-'5 there were in the city 6,919 children of school age (3,853 white and 3,066 colored), and 13 public schools (10 white and 3 colored), all graded, with 61 teachers; average daily attendance, 2,453. The white schools include two Catholic in- stitutions. Outside of the city there were 18 ungraded schools (4 white and 9 colored). The expenditures during the year for all the schools amounted to $48,350 94, of which $42,- 927 9G were for teachers' wages. The schools are free, being supported mainly by city and county appropriations. There are several pri- vate schools, and a medical college with 14 professors. Two daily (one German), one tri- weekly, and four weekly (one German) news- papers are published. There are 30 churches, viz. : 9 Baptist (7 colored), 1 Congregational (colored), 4 Episcopal (1 colored), 2 Jewish, 1 Lutheran, 4 Methodist (2 colored), 4 Presby- terian, 4 Roman Catholic, and 1 undenomina- tional. Savannah was founded in February, 1733, by Gen. Oglethorpe. The British at- tacked it on March 8, 1776, and were repulsed ; but on Dec. 29, 1778, they took possession of the city. In October, 1779, the French and American army under Count D'Estaing and Gen. Lincoln attempted to recapture it, but were unsuccessful. In this engagement Count Pulaski fell, and the French lost 537 in killed and wounded, and the Americans 241. Sa- vannah received a city charter in December, 1789. In November, 1796, a fire destroyed property to the value of $1,000,000 ; and in January, 1820, another conflagration occurred, involving a loss of $4,000,000. On Jan. 8, 1861, two weeks prior to the passage of the ordinance of secession by the convention of Georgia, Forts Jackson and Pulaski were seiz- ed by the state troops by order of the gov- ernor. During the war the place was oc- cupied as a confederate military post and de- pot. It was the point on the sea to which Sherman's march from Atlanta was directed, and the first serious opposition which he en- countered was about 15 m. N. W. of the city, the roads to which were obstructed by felled timber, earthworks, and artillery; but these obstructions were turned, and on Dec. 10, 1864, the city was fairly invested. The en- trance of the Ogeechee river into Ossibaw sound was guarded by Fort McAllister, a work of no great strength, having 23 guns mounted en barbette, a mortar, and a garrison of about 200 men. This fort was captured Dec. 13, with a Union loss of 90 men, and on the 17th Gen. Hardee, who had about 10,000 men at Savannah, mostly militia, was summoned to surrender by Sherman. Hardee refused on the ground that he still maintained his line of defence, and was in communication with his superior officers. Sherman then prepared to assault, but before his arrangements were completed Hardee abandoned the city and re- treated to Charleston. The Union army en- tered Savannah on Dec. 21. Among the cap- tures were 25,000 bales of cotton. s AYYVII RIVER. See GEOBGIA, vol. vii., p. 716. 8AVARY, Anne Jean Marie Rone, duke of Rovi- go, a French soldier, born at Marcq, near Vou- ziers, April 26, 1774, died in Paris, June 2, 1833. He entered the army in 1790, super- intended in 1804 the execution of the duke d'Enghien, became general of division in 1805, achieved in 1807 a victory at Ostrolenka, and received a largo pension and the title of duke of Rovigo. N apoleon, after employing him in missions to Russia, sent him to Madrid, where he prevailed upon King Charles IV. and Prince Ferdinand to meet Napoleon at Bayonne, pre- liminary to their deposition. After the estab- lishment of Joseph Bonaparte as king of Spain, he joined Napoleon at Erfurt, and remained his companion till 1810, when he succeeded Fouche as minister of police. In 1814 he ac- companied Maria Louisa to Blois, and went on board the Bellerophon to accompany the em- peror to St. Helena; but the English took him to Malta, whence he escaped to Smyrna. There he lost most of his fortune in commerce, and in 1819 he returned to Paris and obtained the reversal of the sentence of death which had been pronounced upon him in 1816. In 1823 he published an extract from his memoirs, in which he threw the blame of executing the duke d'Enghien on Talleyrand. The court was displeased at this, and he went to Rome, but was recalled to active service in 1831 as commander of the army in Algeria. His Me- moires pour sercir d Vhistoire de Vempereur Napoleon (8 vols., 1828) is one of the most valuable works on the first empire. SAVE (anc. Savus ; Ger. Sou; Hun. Szdtd), a river of Austria and Turkey, rises in the Car- nic Alps, in the N. W. corner of Carniola, flows mostly E. S. E. through Carniola and Croatia, passing Laybach and Agratn, and along the southern boundary of Slavonia, separating it from Bosnia and Servia, and empties into the Danube between Belgrade and Semlin. It is about 550 m. long, and for most of its course winds sluggishly through an open country, often overflowing. Below the confluence of