Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIV.djvu/641

 SANTA BARBARA SANTA CRUZ 617 In 1853 he returned to Mexico, and was re- ceived with great enthusiasm. He was ap- pointed president for one year, after which time he was to call a constituent congress ; but he fomented a new revolution by which he was declared president for life, with power to ap- point his successor, and with the title of most serene highness. He began to rule with des- potic authority, and the revolution of Ayutla followed, led by Gen. Alvarez. After a struggle of two years, Santa Anna signed his uncondi- tional abdication, and sailed on Aug. 16, 1855, for Havana. He afterward spent two years in Venezuela, and thence went to St. Thomas. During the French invasion he reappeared in Mexico, and pledged himself to strict neutral- ity ; but a manifesto tending to excite disturb- ance in his favor led Gen. Bazaine to order him to quit the country in May, 1864. Maxi- milian, however, appointed him grand marshal of the empire ; but in 1865, having been im- plicated in a conspiracy against the emperor, he again withdrew to St. Thomas. In 1867 he made a last attempt to gain ascendancy in Mex- ico, but was taken prisoner at Vera Cruz and condemned to death. Juarez pardoned him, on condition of his quitting Mexican soil for ever, and he came to the United States. Since the death of Juarez he has been permitted to return, and he now (1875) lives in seclusion in the city of Mexico. SANTA BARBARA, a S. W. county of Califor- nia, bounded S. and W. by the Pacific ocean, N. by the Guaymas or Santa Maria river, and drained by Santa Inez and other rivers ; area, about 2,800 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 7,784, of whom 109 were Chinese, since which a portion has been taken to form Ventura coun- ty. The eastern portion is mountainous, the western undulating. The soil near the coast is generally fertile, and in the valleys bounti- ful crops are produced. Formerly stock rais- ing was the principal business ; but latterly much attention has been devoted to the cul- ture of grapes, oranges, and almonds. Gold, iron, copper, salt, asphalt, and petroleum are found. The chief productions in 1870 were 20,200 bushels of wheat, 158,374 of Indian corn, 187,871 of barley, 41,934 of peas and beans, 26,539 of potatoes, 996,200 Ibs. of wool, 81,088 of butter, 34,500 of cheese, and 8,655 tons of hay. There were 3,777 horses, 2,166 milch cows, 7,993 other cattle, 189,358 sheep, and 3,947 swine. SANTA BARBARA, the capi- tal (pop. about 6,500), in a sheltered nook on the shore of the Pacific, 275 m. S. S. E. of San Francisco, has several hotels, two banks, a col- lege, good public schools, three daily and two weekly newspapers, and seven churches. It is noted as a health resort on account of its mild and equable climate, and is growing rapidly. It occupies the site of a mission founded in 1780. SANTA CATHARINA, a S. E. province of Bra- zil, bounded N. W. and N. by Parana, E. by the Atlantic, and S. and S. W. by Sao Pedro ; area, 28,220 sq. m. ; pop. about 140,000. The island of Santa Catharina, separated from the mainland by a strait varying in width from m. to 7 m., is about 30 m. long from N. to S., and about 10 m. wide. The strait is divided into two good harbors, the northern being one of the best in South America. The island is mostly covered with fine woods and abounds with water; its climate is temperate and sa- lubrious. The coast of the mainland is level, but the interior is traversed by the Serra do Mar. The Uruguay has its source in this prov- ince. The climate is temperate. The prov- ince is one of the most fertile in Brazil, but not well settled. Beds of good bituminous coal have been discovered. Considerable oil is prepared from whales taken in the strait, and timber and cordage are exported. There are flourishing German colonies in the prov- ince. Capital, Desterro. SANTA CLARA, a W. county of California, bounded N. by San Francisco bay, watered by the Coyote and Guadalupe rivers and other small streams; area, 1,332 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 26,246, of whom 1,525 were Chinese. It occu- pies the fertile valley between the Coast and Santa Cruz mountains, extending to the sum- mits of the ranges on either side. The hillsides are heavily wooded with redwood, oak, ma- drone, spruce, &c. There are mineral and hot springs. The New Almaden and Guadalupe quicksilver mines are in this county. It is traversed by the Southern Pacific railroad, and by the San Jos6 branch of the Central Pacific. The chief productions in 1870 were 1,188,137 bushels of wheat, 405,575 of barley, 31,764 of potatoes, 85,150 gallons of wine, 179,465 Ibs. of wool, 179,675 of butter, 525,290 of cheese, 94,000 of hops, and 45,779 tons of hay. There were 7,926 horses, 7,553 milch cows, 14,569 other cattle, 49,085 sheep, and 8,135 swine; 3 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 2 of iron, 2 of machinery, 1 of paper, 12 of sad- dlery and harness, 6 of tin, copper, and sheet- iron ware, 1 of woollens, 2 establishments for smelting quicksilver, 2 planing mills, 6 saw mills, 2 tanneries, 2 currying establishments, and 8 flour mills. Capital, San Jos6. SANTA CLARA COLLEGE. See SAN Josfi. SANTA CRUZ, a W. county of California, lying between the summit of the Santa Cruz moun- tains and the Pacific ocean, and bounded S. by the Pajaro river ; area, 432 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 8,743, of whom 156 were Chinese. There is considerable fertile land, but the greater por- tion consists of mountain ranges densely tim- bered with redwood, oak, and pine, and adapted to grazing. There is abundant water power. Copper, coal, gold, and sand for glass making are found. The chief productions in 1870 were 115,687 bushels of wheat, 22,795 of Indian corn, 56,690 of oats, 72,155 of barley, 34,253 of potatoes, 14,550 gallons of wine, 120,955 Ibs. of butter, 120,225 of cheese, and 8,664 tons of hay. There were 1,729 horses, 2,168 milch cows, 2,745 other cattle, 819 sheep, and 3,408 swine; 1 manufactory of gunpowder, 4 of