Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIV.djvu/632

 608 SAN JUAN DE PUEKTO RICO SAN MARINO municipal government, and was secured to Nicaragua by treaty withXJreat Britain in 1860. It was bombarded in 1854 by a naval force of the United States, on a charge that its inhabitants had infringed upon the rights of the transit company. Since then its har- bor has become nearly choked with sand. SAN JUAN DE PUERTO RICO, a fortified city, capital of the island of Porto Rico, on a small island off the N. coast; lat. 18 29' N., Ion. 66 7' W. ; pop. about 20,000. The streets are regularly laid out, well kept, and lighted with gas. The public buildings are the old govern- ment house, the royal military hospital, the bishop's palace and seminary, a large cathe- dral, an arsenal, custom house, city hall, and several fine castles, now used as barracks. There are a house of refuge and instruction for the indigent, an insane asylum, and other benevolent institutions. San Juan has several primary schools, a college in course of con- struction (1875), and a fine library. The port is difficult of access, but is considered one of the most important in the Antilles, and a di- rect trade has recently been established with Europe and the United States. It is regular- ly visited by the steamers of the British lines frequenting the West Indies. The principal exports are sugar, mostly to the United States, coffee to Germany, and some tobacco. SAN JUAN RIVER. See NICARAGUA.. SAN LUCAR DE BARRAMEDA, a city of Anda- lusia, Spain, situated in a barren district at the mouth of the Guadalquivir, in the province and 18 m. N. by W. of the city of Cadiz; pop. about 16,000. It contains many churches and convents, and a hospital founded in 1517 by Henry VIII. of England for British sailors. Cotton and silk goods, leather, soap, and ba- rilla are manufactured. The chief export is wine. It serves as a seaport to Seville. SAN LUIS. I. A central province of the Ar- gentine Republic, bordering on La Rioja, Cor- dova, the pampas W. of Buenos Ayres, Men- doza, and San Juan ; area, 20,000 sq. m. ; pop. in 1869, 52,761. In the north it is mountain- ous, with several high peaks. The southern districts abound in excellent pasture lands, on which are reared large numbers of cattle. The Rio Quinto is the only river of importance. There are some lakes, the largest of which is the Bebedero, of considerable extent, and sup- plying salt for the whole province. Much rain falls. The soil is favorable for the cultivation of all the European products. Oranges and grapes are especially abundant, and large quan- tities of excellent wines are made. The chief articles of commerce are hides, sheep and gua- naco wool, skins, leather, ostrich and con- dor feathers, gold, auriferous copper, precious stones, and salt. Of 14,576 children from 6 to 14 years of age, 2,600 attended school in 1869. The province is divided into eight de- partments. II. A city, the capital of the prov- ince, 460 m. W. N. W. of Buenos Ayres ; pop. in 1869, 3,748. It is beautifully situated at an elevation of about 2,500 ft., with a mild climate. The chief industries are agriculture and the manufacture of wines. The city, some- times called San Luis de la Punta, was founded by Luis Loyola in 1596. SAN LUIS OBISPO, a S. W. county of Cali- fornia, bounded W. by the Pacific, E. by the Coast range, and S. by the Guaymas or Santa Maria river, and drained by the head waters of Salinas or Buenaventura river ; area, about 3,000 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 4,772, of whom 59 were Chinese. The surface is partly moun- tainous, and the soil fertile. Gold, silver, coal, and limestone are found ; there are bituminous springs, and a celebrated warm sulphur spring. The chief productions in 1870 were 88,864 bushels of wheat, 25,982 of Indian corn, 126,- 604 of barley, 16,519 of peas and beans, 908,- 863 Ibs. of wool, 156,340 of butter, 341,259 of cheese, and 5,714 tons of hay. There were 4,485 horses, 4,813 milch cows, 15,899 other cattle, 191,909 sheep, and 3,819 swine. Cap- ital, San Luis Obispo. SAN LUIS POTOSL I. An E. state of Mexico, bounded N. E. by Nuevo Leon, E. by Tamau- lipas and Vera Cruz, S. by Hidalgo, Queretaro, and Guanajuato, and W. and N. W. by Zacate- cas; area, 28,889 sq. m. ; pop. in 1869, 476,500. In the southeast the surface is flat, but in other directions it becomes broken and hilly, ter- minating in mountains and a high table land in the west. The most important rivers are the Santander and Tainpico. Large crops of wheat, maize, and barley are raised, and great numbers of cattle are reared. There are sev- eral copper mines. The manufactures include woollen and cotton goods, glass, leather, earth- enware, and hardware. II. A city, capital of the state, upward of 6,000 ft. above the sea, 220 m. N. W. of Mexico, and 100 m. S. E. of Zacatecas ; pop. in 1869, 31,389. It has six handsome churches, three convents, a hospital, a government house, and several schools, and manufactories of shoes, hats, and hardware. SAN MARINO. I. A republic in N. E. Italy, the oldest and next to Monaco the smallest state in Europe ; area, 22 sq. m. ; pop. in 1874, 7,816. It is surrounded by the provinces of Forli and Pesaro ed Urbino, is mountainous, and has four or five villages. Wine, silk, and fruits are the principal products. It was set- tled, according to tradition, in the 4th century by Marinus, a Dalmatian hermit, and has ever since the establishment of its government re- mained independent. The legislature consists of a council of 60, taken equally from the ranks of nobles, burgesses, and small proprie- tors, and appointed for life by the councillors themselves. An executive body of 12 is se- lected from this number ; two presidents (ca- pitani reggenti) are chosen every six months, and justice is administered by two foreign magistrates appointed for three years. The annual revenue is about $14,000. In 1874 the harboring in San Marino of fugitives from jus- tice led to complications with the Italian gov-