Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIV.djvu/630

 606 SANILAO SAN JOSE name and the absence of earlier historic men- tion point to a time after the Macedonian supremacy. Its full development was under the earlier Asmoneans; and Herod, when pro- curator of Galilee, was summoned before the sanhedrim, charged with usurping its author- ity in sentencing men to death. Its members were chosen from the chief priests, elders, and scholars ; and the tradition is that there were 70 besides the nasi or president. There was a vice president, who was called "father of the council." The usual meeting place was a hall called lishkath haggazith (hewn-stone chamber) within the temple enclosure. Be- fore it Jesus was arraigned as a false prophet, and Peter, John, Stephen, and Paul as false teachers. Its power was nearly destroyed by Herod the Great, who put to death almost all its members. The Talmud also mentions a lesser sanhedrim of 23 members in every city of Palestine in which there were as many as 120 families. SANILAC, an E. county of Michigan, border- ing on Luke Huron and drained by the head streams of Black and Cass rivers ; area, about 1,000 sq. m. ; pop. in 1874, 16,292. It has an undulating and well timbered surface, and a moderately fertile soil. The chief productions in 1870 were 112,055 bushels of wheat, 49,782 of peas and beans, 145,396 of oats, 103,990 of potatoes, 14,901 tons of hay, 82,593 Ibs. of wool, 250,832 of butter, and 32,999 of maple sugar. There were 1,941 horses, 8,265 milch cows, 1,419 working oxen, 8,700 other cattle, 9,182 sheep, and 3,760 swine; 4 flour mills, 16 saw mills, 5 manufactories of carriages and wagons, and 3 of furniture. Capital, Lexington. SAN JtUYI'O, a river of Texas, rising in Walker co. and flowing S. S. E. into San Ja- cinto bay, an arm of Galveston bay ; length about 120 m., of which 45 m. are navigable. It is deep and clear. Near its mouth, on April 21, 1836, was fought the decisive battle of San Jacinto. (See HODSTOK, SAM.) SAN JACLVTO, a S. E. county of Texas, bound- ed N. E. by Trinity river, and drained by small tributaries of the San Jacinto ; area, about 500 sq. m. It has been formed since the census of 1870. The surface is undulating and the soil very productive. Capital, Cold Spring. SAN JOAQl I>, a river of California, which rises in the Sierra Nevada mountains, in Fresno co., flows S. W. to the W. part of the county, and thence N. W. through Fresno, Merced, Stanislaus, and San Joaquin counties, and uni- ting with the Sacramento empties into Suisun bay, which through San Pablo and San Fran- cisco bays communicates with the Pacific ocean. Tulare lake discharges into it at high water, and the river was formerly considered to rise in it. Its entire length is about 350 m. It is navigable at all seasons by vessels of from 150 to 230 tons to Stockton, about 50 m. above its month; in winter and spring steamers ascend nearly 200 m. further. It receives numerous tributaries from the Sierra Nevada, the chief of which are the Fresno, Mariposa, Merced, Tuolumne, Stanislaus, and Calaveras. Its val- ley is noted for its fertility, producing great quantities of wheat and barley. SAN JOAQUIN, a central county of California, intersected by the San Joaquin river, which here receives the Mokelumne, and bounded N. by the Calaveras and S. E. by the Stanislaus, tributaries of the San Joaquin; area, 1,452 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 21,050, of whom 1,629 were Chinese. It lies between the foot hills of the Sierra Nevada and Coast ranges, but the sur- face is generally level, and a large portion of it treeless. Part of the extensive tract of tule marsh in the northwest has been reclaimed. The main line and Visalia division of the Cen- tral Pacific railroad and the Stockton and Cop- peropolis and Stockton and Visalia railroads traverse it. The chief productions in 1870 were 2,360,925 bushels of wheat, 37,350 of In- dian corn, 1,027,016 of barley, 21,165 gallons of wine, 86,760 Ibs. of wool, 292,060 of but- ter, 25,111 of cheese, and 41,214 tons of hay. There were 14,139 horses, 6,999 milch cows, 14,373 other cattle, 79,889 sheep, and 27,937 swine ; 8 manufactories of agricultural im- plements, 6 of carriages and wagons, 2 of iron castings, 3 of machinery, 13 of saxldlery and harness, 3 breweries, l' tannery, and 2 flour mills. Capital, Stockton. SAN JOSE, a city and the county seat of Santa Clara co., California, at the intersection of the Southern Pacific railroad with the San Jos6 branch of the Central Pacific line, 8 m. S. E. of San Francisco bay, and 40 m. S. E. of San Francisco ; pop. in 1870, 9,089, of whom 8,755 were foreigners, including 714 Chinese ; in 1875, estimated by local authorities at 15,000. The main portion of the city occupies a gently rising plateau, between the Coyote and Guada- lupe rivers (small streams emptying into the bay), here 1 i m. apart, with suburbs extending some distance beyond them. It is handsomely laid out, lighted with gas, and well supplied with water, and has a good fire department. Horse cars run through the main streets. The principal public buildings are the court house, a massive Corinthian structure costing $200,000, with a dome commanding a fine view ; the jail adjoining it, the finest in the state, costing $80,000 ; the state normal school building, in the centre of Washington square, erected at a cost of more than $200,000 ; the city hall ; two markets, costing more than $40,000 each ; eight public school buildings ; and ten churches, the largest and most expensive being an unfin- ished edifice belonging to the Roman Catho- lics. There are three public parks, containing 2, 8, and 30 acres respectively. The city owns a tract of 400 acres in Penitencia cation, 7 m. E., reserved for a public park, containing a wild rocky gorge with a mountain stream and a variety of mineral springs. The climate is mild and equable, and the surrounding coun- try yields grain and fruits abundantly. Slight earthquake shocks are not uncommon. The