Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIV.djvu/571

 SAINT-MALO SAINT MARY'S STRAIT 547 of exports is $812,000 ; of imports, $630,000. The climate is warm, damp, and unhealthy, and destructive hurricanes occur. The chief town, Castries, is on the shore of an excellent harbor on the W. coast, 9 m. from the N. end. The island was first settled in 1605 and 1639 by English colonies, and has been several times taken by the French, but the English have held possession since 1803. SAINT-MALO, a fortified town of Brittany, France, in the department of Ille-et-Vilaine, on the rocky peninsula of Aron, near the mouth of the Ranee in the bay of St. Malo, 40 m. N. N. W. of Rennes; pop. in 1872, 12,316. It is connected with the mainland by a causeway called the Sillon. The harbor is large and safe, but encumbered by shoals at its entrance, and the tide rises sometimes to the height of 45 ft., while at low water the port is dry. The town is largely engaged in fisheries, and has an ac- tive trade with England. The cargoes cleared in 1874 from St. Malo and the adjoining port of St. Servan, in sailing ships only, amounted to 4,402,600 francs. Lamennais was born here, as also Chateaubriand, whose tomb is on a rock in the harbor. A monument to him by Millet was erected Sept. 5, 1875, in the place St. Vin- cent, since known as place Chateaubriand. SAINT-MARC GIRA_RD1.. See GIRARDIN. SAINT MARTIN, a S. parish of Louisiana, bor- dered E. by Atchafalaya and Grand rivers, S. W. by Chetimaches lake, and intersected by Teche bayou ; area, about 500 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 9,370, of whom 5,064 were colored. The surface is level and the soil fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 192,840 bushels of Indian corn, 9,898 of sweet potatoes, 3,428 bales of cotton, 1,494 hogsheads of sugar, and 75,740 gallons of molasses. There were 2,413 horses, 1,372 mules and asses, 3,101 milch cows, 7,401 other cattle, 3,769 sheep, and 5,109 swine, and 30 molasses and sugar establishments. Capi- tal, St. Martinsville. SAINT MARTIN, an island in the N. E. angle of the West Indian archipelago, 5 m. S. of An- guilla, in lat. 18 5' K, Ion. 63 3' W. ; area, about 30 sq. m. ; pop. about 6,600. The shore is deeply indented, and the surface hilly, the summit being 1,360 ft. above the sea. The soil is not rich ; the climate is warm but healthy. The northern part (pop. 3,600, area, 13,166 acres) belongs to France ; one third of it is cul- tivated, yielding annually 2,000,000 Ibs. of su- gar, 25,000 gallons of molasses, and 50,000 of rum. The southern part, belonging to Holland (pop. 3,000), is less fertile, but yields annually 2,500,000 Ibs. of sugar, 130,000 gallons of rum, great quantities of salt collected from marshes bordering the coast, and fine tobacco. Mari- got is the capital of the French, Philisburg of the Dutch colony. The island was first settled in 1638 by both nations. SAINT MARTIN, Alexis. See BEAUMONT, WIL- LIAM. SAINT-MARTIN, Louis Claude, marquis de, a French metaphysician, born in Amboise, Jan. 18, 1743, died near Paris, Oct. 13, 1803. For a while he practised as an advocate at Tours, but in 1765 was a lieutenant in a regiment in garrison at Bordeaux, where he became inter- ested in mystical speculations, and subsequently studied the works of Jakob Boehm and Sw- denborg. In 1771 he left the army and went to Lyons, where he published his first book, Dea erreurs et de la verite, par un philosophe inconnu (1775), a refutation of the theories of materialism. He spent some years in Paris, visited England in 1786 and Italy in 1787, and after his return resided in Strasburg till 1791, then in Amboise till 1795, when he returned to Paris. His principal works are : Tableau na- tureldes rapports qui existent entre Dieu, Vhom- me et Vunivers (Lyons, 1782), showing that we must explain things by man and not man by things ; VHomme de desir (1790) ; Ecce Homo (1792); De Vesprit des chases (1800); and'Ze ministers de rhomme-esprit (1802). See his Correspondance with Kirchberger (Paris, 1 862), and Saint-Martin, le philosophe inconnu, by Matter (1862). SAINT MART, a S. parish of Louisiana, bor- dered S. W. by several bays of the gulf of Mexico, and N. E. by Lake Chetimaches, and drained by Atchafalaya and Teche bayous; area, 860 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 13,850, of whom 9,607 were colored. The surface is flat and marshy, and the soil highly fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 186,842 bushels of Indian corn, 11,882 of sweet potatoes, 69,327 Ibs. of rice, 6,591 hogsheads of sugar, and 341,- 445 gallons of molasses. There were 958 horses, 1,861 mules and asses, 3,717 cattle, 1,704 sheep, and 2,960 swine; 25 manufacto- ries of cooperage, 2 of machinery, 5 of brick and stone, 31 of molasses and sugar, and 7 saw mills. Capital, Franklin. SAINT MARY'S, a S. county of Maryland, bounded N". E. by the Patuxent, E. by Chesa- peake bay, and S. W. by the Potomac ; area, about 250 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 14,994, of whom 7,726 were colored. It has numerous bays and creeks; the surface is nearly level. The chief productions in 1870 were 152,630 bushels of wheat, 274,457 of Indian corn, 44,- 379 of oats, 2,522,917 Ibs. of tobacco, and 9,809 of wool. There were 2,577 horses, 2,260 milch cows, 5,714 other cattle, 3,982 sheep, and 11,- 302 swine. Capital, Leonardtown. SAINT MARY'S STRAIT, or River, the con- necting link between Lake Superior and Lake Huron, forming also the boundary between Ontario, Canada, and the upper peninsula of Michigan. Beginning at the head of Tequa- menon bay, a frith of Lake Superior, the strait holds a general S. E. course of 63 m. to the head of Drummond island, in Lake Huron. One mile below Lake Superior are the rapids known as St. Mary's falls or Sault de Ste. Marie, and below these the strait spreads out into a broad lake. It is navigable up to the rapids for the largest vessels. These rapids have within the space of three quarters of a