Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIV.djvu/565

 SAINT LOUIS 541 Vire, 158 m. "W. by N. of Paris; pop. in 1872, 9,287. The beautiful Gothic church of Notre Dame was formerly a cathedral, and the church of Sainte Croix, said to have been built by Charlemagne, was generally regarded as the completest monument of Saxon architecture; it was entirely rebuilt in 1860, and the old church of St. Thomas de Cantorbery has been converted into a town hall. Fine cloths, drug- get, ribbons, linen, lace, and leather are made. SAINT LOUIS. I. A N. E. county of Min- nesota, bounded N. E. by the chain of small lakes which separate that state from British America, S. E. by Lake Superior, and drained by St. Louis, Vermilion, and other rivers; area, 6,500 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 4,561. The county is interspersed with lakes, the largest of which are Vermilion and Pelican. It contains much timber. The value of manufactures, according to the census of 1870, was $262,000, the chief establishments being three saw mills. The Northern Pacific and Lake Superior and Mis- sissippi railroads terminate at the capital, Du- luth. II. An E. county of Missouri, occupying the tongue of land formed by the junction of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, and drained by the Maramec ; area, 550 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 351,189, of whom 26,387 were colored. The surface is varied and the soil very fertile. There are extensive mines of coal and quarries of marble, and the W. part extends into the great iron region of the state. The chief pro- ductions in 1870 were 454,026 bushels of wheat, 1,023,978 of Indian corn, 280,783 of oats, 24,- 062 of barley, 377,316 of potatoes, 30,333 tons of hay, 14,570 Ibs. of tobacco, 15,537 of wool, 288,615 of butter, 39,815 of cheese, and 46,836 gallons of wine. There were on farms 7,037 horses, 2,229 mules and asses, 8,216 milch cows, 5,136 other cattle, 6,692 sheep, and 27,198 swine. Capital, St. Louis. SAINT LOUIS, the chief city of Missouri, coun- ty seat of St. Louis co., and the commercial metropolis of the central Mississippi valley, on the right bank of the Mississippi river, 20 m. below the entrance of the Missouri, about 175 m. above the mouth of the Ohio, 1,170 m. above New Orleans, and 125 m. E. of Jef- ferson City; lat. 38 37' 28" N., Ion. 90 15' 16" W. ; pop. in 1810, 1,600; in 1820, 4,598; in 1830, 5,852; in 1840, 16,469; in 1850, 77,- 860 ; in 1860, 160,773 ; in 1870 (when it was the fourth city in the United States in popula- tion), 310,864, of whom 22,088 were colored ; in 1875, estimated by local authorities as high as 490,000. Of the population in 1870, 161,- 796 were males and 149,068 females, 198,- 615 natives and 112,249 foreigners, of whom 2,652 were born in Bohemia, 2,008 in Brit- ish America, 2,788 in France, 59,040 in Ger- many, 5,367 in England, 32,239 in Ireland, 1,202 in Scotland, and 2,902 in Switzerland. There were 59,431 families, with an average of 5*23 persons to each, and 39,675 dwellings, with an average of 7'84 to each. Of the 108,- 691 persons 10 years old and over returned as engaged in all occupations, 810 were em- ployed in agriculture, 41,418 in profession- al and personal services, 28,219 in trade and transportation, and 38,244 in manufactures and mining. The city is many feet above high water. It is built on three terraces, the first rising gently from the river for about 1 m. to 17th street, where the elevation is 150 ft. above the stream. The ground then gently declines, rises in a second terrace to 25th street, again falls, and subsequently rises in a third terrace to a height of 200 ft. at C6te Brillante or Wil- son's hill, 4 m. W. of the river. The surface here spreads out into a wide and beautiful plain. The corporate limits extend 11 m. along the river, and in extreme width 3 m. back from it ; area, 13,216 acres or 20$- sq. m. The densely built portion is comprised in a district of about 6 m. along the river and 2 m. in width. The city is for the most part regularly laid out, the streets near the river running parallel with its curve, while further back they are generally at right angles with those running W. from the river bank. Grand avenue, in part 120 ft. wide, extends through the city from N. to S., and in the centre is about 3 m. from the river. Washington av- enue, one of the widest and finest in St. Louis, runs back from the river ; at its foot is the ter- minus of the great bridge. Front street, 100 ft. wide, extends along the levee, and is built up with massive stone warehouses. The whole- sale trade is chiefly on Main and 2d streets, but is extending into Washington avenue and 5th street. The fashionable promenade is 4th street, containing the leading retail stores. There are 14 street railroad companies, run- ning to various parts of the city, and one over the bridge to East St. Louis. The city is re- markably well built, largely of brick or stone. The principal public buildings are the city hall, the court house, erected at an expense of $1,200,000, the jail, the county insane asylum, the Masonic temple, the polytechnic building, the custom house and post office, costing $350,- 000, the United States arsenal (a large and im- posing structure in the S. E. part of the city, surrounded with fine grounds), the merchants' exchange, the mercantile library hall, the city hospital, the marine hospital, the high school building, Washington university, St. Louis uni- versity, several hotels (the chief of which are the Southern, Planters', Barnum's, Lindell, and Laclede), the Koman Catholic cathedral (136 ft. long and 84 ft. wide, with a front of polished free stone), St. George's (Episcopal) church, the church of the Messiah (Unitarian), the first and second Presbyterian churches, the Baptist church at 6th and Locust streets, the Jewish temple at 16th and Pine streets, the Union Methodist church at llth and Lo- cust streets, the Lutheran church at 8th and Walnut streets, the Congregational church at 10th and Locust streets, and the Presbyterian churches at llth and Pine and 16th and Walnut streets. A new custom house and post office