Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIV.djvu/552

 528 SAINT CLAIR SAINT CROIX sive woollen mill, a large tannery, two flour- ing mills, a shingle mill, a large carriage fac- tory, a foundery, two large brick yards, and two ship yards. It is the most extensive hay- shipping point in the northwest. There are a national bank, a union school, a weekly news- paper, and five churches. It was incorporated in 1858. SAINT CLAIR, Arthur, an American general, born in Thurso, Scotland, in 1734, died near Greensburg, Pa., Aug. 31, 1818. He was a grandson of the earl of Roslyn, was educated at the university of Edinburgh, and studied medicine under John Hunter, but entered the army as an ensign,,and came to America with Admiral Boscawen.'' He served under Ainherst at Louisburg, and under Wolfe at Quebec. In 1762 he resigned his commission, and in 1764 settled in the Ligonier valley, Pennsylvania, where he erected mills, and held several im- portant civil offices. In January, 1776, he was created a colonel in the continental army, and in August a brigadier general, and was in the battles of Trenton and Princeton. In 1777 he was made a major general and commanded Ticonderoga, but was compelled to evacuate it before Burgoyne. For this he was tried by court martial, but acquitted. In 1781 he re- mained at Philadelphia to protect congress while Washington marched to Yorktown, but joined the main army before Cornwallis sur- rendered. In 1786 he was sent to congress, of which he became president in 1787. When in 1789 the government of the Northwest territory was organized, he was made gov- ernor, and held that post till 1802. In 1791 ho became commander-in-chief of the army operating against the Miami Indians. He was surprised on Nov. 4, near the Miami villages, and his force cut to pieces. Washington re- fused a court of inquiry, and St. Clair resigned ; but congress appointed a committee of investi- gation, which exonerated him. SAINT CLOUD, a city and the county seat of Stearns co., Minnesota, on the W. bank of the Mississippi river, 67 m. in a direct line and 100 m. by the course of the river N. W. of St. Paul ; pop. in 1870, 2,161 ; in 1875, about 2,800. It is connected with St. Paul by the first division of the St. Paul and Pacific railroad, which con- tinues N. up the Sauk valley. Another railroad up the Mississippi, intersecting the Northern Pacific 65 m. distant, is graded (1875). Steam- ers ply in summer to the falls of St. Anthony at Minneapolis. The city is surrounded by a country unexcelled for grain growing and stock raising. A rapid in the Mississippi here affords one of the best water powers in the country, and a company organized for the purpose is improving it. Some of the manufactories are now run by steam. There are two saw mills, two flouring mills, two planing mills, and sash, door, and blind factories, an iron and brass foundery, one large and three smaller furniture manufactories, a plough factory, four wagon factories,, marble works, brick yards, potte- ries, &c. In the immediate vicinity are sev- eral beds of superior granite, which is cut in the city, and shipped to Chicago and other points. St. Cloud contains a fine brick court house, a large hotel, two banks, one of the state normal schools, two graded public schools, four weekly newspapers (one German), and seven churches. SAINT-CLOCD, a town of France, in the de- partment of Seine-et-Oise, on the left bank of the Seine, 2 m. W. of the enceinte of Paris; pop. about 5,000. It received its name from a monastery built by Clodoald, a grandson of Clovis. In the royal palace here, which was originally a country house, Henry III. was assassinated in 1589. The duke of Orleans, brother of Louis XIV., added a magnificent park and gardens, and the place became cele- brated for sumptuous entertainments and his- torical associations. Marie Antoinette, Napo- leon I., Louis XVIII., Charles X., Louis Phi- lippe, and Napoleon III. successively resided at St. Cloud. The overthrow of the first repub- lic was initiated here by Bonaparte on the 18th Brumaire (1799). The capitulation of Paris in 1815 and the ordinances of Charles X. were signed here. The palace was almost entirely burned during the siege of Paris in October, 1870, though many works of art were saved. SAINT CROIX. I. A river, also called Passa- maquoddy and Schoodic, which forms a por- tion of the N. E. boundary between the United States and British America. It rises in Grand lake, and flows in a very winding course, though generally S. 8. E. for about 125 m., separating Maine from New Brunswick, and falling into Passamaquoddy bay. It is navigable to St. Stephen, N. B., about 20 m. from its mouth. II. A river of Wisconsin, rising in Douglas co., near the W. part of Lake Superior, and flow- ing S. W. to the E. line of Minnesota, where it becomes the boundary between that state and Wisconsin. Its general direction in this part of its course is S., and it falls into the Missis- sippi, 38 m. below St. Paul. Its whole length is about 200 m., and its width at its mouth 100 yards. An expansion in the lower part of its course, for about 86 m., is called St. Croix lake. The river has several fine falls. SAINT CROIX, a N. W. county of Wisconsin, separated by the St. Croix river from Minne- sota, and drained by Willow, Apple, and Rush rivers; area, 750 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 11,016. The surface is uneven, and most of it covered with pine forests. It is traversed by the West Wisconsin and the North Wisconsin railroads. The chief productions in 1870 were 823,678 bushels of wheat, 42,461 of Indian corn, 447,- 775 of oats, 27,664 of barley, 61,972 of pota- toes, 7,058 tons of hay, 3,343 Ibs. of wool, 229,015 of butter, and 4,200 of hops. There were 3,032 horses, 3,232 milch cows, 4,085 other cattle, 1,435 sheep, and 3,481 swine. Capital, Hudson. SAINT CROIX, a West India island. See SANTA CBUZ.