Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIV.djvu/534

 510 SACKVILLE SACRAMENT 10 m. W. S. W. of Watertown; pop. in 1875, 784. The harbor, one of the best on the lake, is divided by a crescent-shaped tongue of land, which extends from the lower part of the vil- lage, into the outer and inner harbor. The latter has sufficient depth of water for large vessels to within two fathoms of the shore. Its commerce, formerly extensive, has been mostly diverted to other channels. The Madi- son barracks, built by the government in 1816-'19, at a cost of $85,000, are situated here. In the war of 1812 Sackett's Harbor was the headquarters of the northern division of the American fleet, and several war vessels were built and expeditions fitted out here. It was twice attacked $y the British, who were repulsed, the last time with a loss of 150 men. SACKVILLE. I. Thonis, earl of Dorset, an English statesman, born at Buckhurst, Sussex, in 1530, died in London, April 19, 1608. He was educated at Oxford and Cambridge, was called to the bur, was elected to the house of commons, and was created Baron Buckhurst in 1567. In 1570 he was sent as ambassador to Franco; in 1587 ho was ambassador to the Netherlands; and from 1599 till his death he was lord treasurer. In March, 1603, he was created earl of Dorset. He planned the " Mir- rour for Magistrates," a collection of rhymed stories from English history by different au- thors, and produced the earliest known tragedy in the English language, "Gorboduc," or " Fer- rex and Porrex," play<ed before Queen Eliza- beth in 15(32. His works were edited by the Rev. Sackvillo West in J. R. Smith's " Library of Old Authors" (London, 1859). II. Chirtts, sixth earl of Dorset, born Jan. 24, 1637, died in Bath, Jan. 16, 1706. He was a wit, and a favorite of Charles II., and William III. ap- pointed him lord chamberlain. His best com- position was the song written before a naval engagement with the Dutch admiral Opdam, beginning "To all you ladies now at land." III. George, a soldier and statesman, first Vis- count Sackville, son of tho first duke of Dor- sot, and grandson of the preceding, born Jan. 26, 1716, died Aug. 26, 1785. He entered tho military service as Lord George Sackville, was present at the battles of Dettingen and Fon- tonoy, served under the duke of Cumberland against tho young pretender, and rose to the rank of lieutenant general. At the battle of Minden, Aug. 1, 1759, he commanded the al- lied cavalry, and for his failure to execute the commander-in-chief's order to charge the re- tiring French infantry, ho was court-martialled and dismissed from the service. George II. struck his name from the list of privy coun- cillors ; but on the accession of George III. he was again taken into favor. In 1775, tinder the name of Lord George Germain (assumed in compliance with a will), he entered the cab- inet of Lord North as secretary of state for the colonies, retaining tho office during the Amer- ican revolutionary war, and incurring great unpopularity by his opposition to efforts for the termination of hostilities. In February, 1782, the king created him Viscount Sackville. SACO, a river of New England, rising in the White mountains, in Co6s co., N. H., and formed by the junction of three princi- pal branches at Bartlett, Carroll co. It flows 8. E. until it enters Maine, then makes an abrupt turn N., nnd again pursues a S. E. di- rection through that etate to the ocenn below Saco. The main branch passes through the noted Notch of the White mountains. Its falls afford valuable water power. The prin- cipal of thorn aro the Great falls, at Hiram, 72 ft. ; Steep falls, at Limington, 20 ft. ; Salmon falls, at llollis and Buxton, 30 ft. ; and Saco falls, 42 ft. This last fall is about 4 m. from the mouth of the river, and is at the head of tide water. The river has an ordinary rise in the spring of from 6 to 15 ft., but it has fre- quently very far exceeded that height, causing destructive inundations. The entire length of the river is estimated at 160 m. SACO, a city, port of entry, and ono of the shire towns of York co., Maine, on the E. bank of the Saco river, about 4 m. from its mouth, and on the Portland, Saco, and Ports- mouth, and the Boston and Maine railroads, 13 m. 8. W. of Portland ; pop. in 1870, 5,755. It is connected with Biddeford, an active and thriving city on tho opposite side of the river, by four bridges. The sea beach within tho city (the part of which called Old Orchard beach is 8fr m. from the railroad depot) has unsurpassed facilities for driving and bathing, and has several hotels. It has little foreign commerce, but a considerable coasting trade. The number of vessels belonging to the port on June 30, 1874, was 23, aggregate tonnage 3,766. Ship building is carried on. A few vessels and boats aro engaged in tho cod and mackerel fisheries. Cotton goods, cotton ma- chinery, boots and shoes, belting, brick, brush- es, carriages, hubs and wheels, loom harnesses, lumber, and leather are manufactured. There are two national banks, with a joint capital of $200,000 ; two savings banks, with about $1,500,000 deposits ; a fire insurance company, a weekly newspaper, an Athenreum with- a li- brary of 2,000 volumes, and Baptist, Christian Congregational, Episcopal, Freewill Baptist, Methodist, and Unitarian churches. Saco was separated from Biddeford as Pepperellboro' in 1762. The name was changed in 1805, and in 1867 a city charter was obtained. SACRAMENT (Lat. tacramentitm, the military oath or its obligation), in Christian theology, an external ordinance or rite of divine institu- tion, significant of a supersensual grace or spiritual effect. Its earliest usage in the Old Italic version of the New Testament and in the Latin Vulgate means something sacred and hidden, and sacramentum is thus taken as an equivalent for the Greek fivarf/piov, a secret; hence the early church fathers used the word to denote any mysterious doctrine or thing pertaining to the Christian belief or worship.