Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIV.djvu/533

 SACHEVERELL SACKETT'S HARBOR 509 known by name even, notwithstanding they are skilfully and richly harmonized and abound in beautiful melodies. The most celebrated in their day were II Cid, Tamerlano, Montezuma, Rinaldo, and UAmore soldato, composed for the London opera house, and La colonie, I? Olympiade, and CEdipe d Colonne. The last named, his best work, was brought out at Paris the year after his death. SACHEVERELL, Henry, an English clergyman, born in Marlborough, Wiltshire, about 1672, died in London, June 5, 1724. He was edu- cated at Oxford, obtained a fellowship, received holy orders, and in 1705 was appointed preach- er of St. Saviour's, Southward. In 1709 he delivered two political sermons, the one at the Derby assizes on Aug. 15, the other before the lord mayor at St. Paul's on Nov. 5, in which he maintained the doctrine of passive obedience, and denounced the act of toleration. These sermons were widely circulated by the oppo- nents of the existing government. The whigs being then in power under the ministry of Godolphin, Dr. Sacheverell was ordered to be impeached; and the trial commenced before the house of lords, Feb. 27, 1710. On March 23 he was found guilty, sentenced to three years' suspension from preaching, and the two sermons were ordered to be burned by the common hangman. This light sentence was considered a tory victory, and the excitement created by the affair contributed to the fall of the whig ministry. At the expiration of his sentence the house of commons, then led by tory influences, appointed him to preach be- fore them on the restoration day, and the queen presented him to the living of St. An- drew's, Holborn. Bishop Burnet says: "He possessed little of religion, virtue, learning, or good sense;" and he was afterward seldom heard of except through his quarrels and law- suits with his parishioners. SACHS, Hans, a German poet, born in Nu- remberg, Nov. 5, 1494, died in January, 1576. He was a cobbler, and was instructed in singing and verse making in Munich by Lienhart Nun- nenbe,ck, a Meistersinger. He produced, it is said, 6,000 poems of all kinds, about one fourth of which only are in print. These include 53 sacred and 78 profane plays, 64 farces, and 59 fables. Many of his dramatic pieces are brief comedies called Schwarike, full of coarse, strong satire on the times. Since the appear- ance in 1570-'79 of the collective edition of his works in 5 vols. fol., and the reprint in 1612- '17 in 5 vols. 4to, several editions of selec- tions from them have been published, the la- test forming vols. iv., v., and vi. of the collec- tion of Deutsche DicJiter des 16. tTahrhtinderts, by Goedeke and Tittmann (3 vols., Leipsic, 1870-'72; new ed., 1874). He was called "hon- est Hans Sachs." A monument was erected to him in Nuremberg in 1874. SACKATOO, or Sokoto. I. A Foolah monarchy of central Africa, in Soodan, E. of the Niger and N. of the Benoowe, and largely identical with the territories of Houssa except in its western provinces. Inclusive of the tributary state of Adamawa or Fumbina on the south- east, it extends from about lat. 6 30' to 14 N., and from Ion. 5 to 15 E., and is bounded N. by the Sahara, N. E. and E. by Bornoo and Baghirmi, S. by unexplored regions, and W. by Gando. Its estimated area, including Ada- mawa, is about 170,000 sq. m., and it forms a portion of the extensive region conquered by the Foolahs, who, although they have been the dominant race since about 1800, constitute but a minority of the entire population, which is estimated by Behm at 12,000,000, though other authorities make it much smaller. The surface of the country is very uneven. The higher por- tions are dry and generally barren, but the val- leys are extremely fertile. The climate of the northern portion is salubrious, except in the valleys during the rainy season. The produc- tions are iron of very good quality, cotton, rice, tobacco, and sorghum. Sheep, cattle, horses, asses, and camels are raised. The sul- tan, a descendant of the Foolah chief Othman, resided at Wurno, 15 m. from the city of Sack- atoo, when Barth visited the country in 1853. His income at that time was reckoned at 1 0,000 in shell money, with an equal amount annually in slaves and cloth. Sackatoo has been a some- what noted field of African exploration, hav- ing been visited by Clapperton, Lander, Rich- ardson, and Barth. (See ADAMAWA, FOOLAHS, and HOUSSA.) II. A ci'ty and former capital of the above described country, situated on a long ridge sloping toward the Sackatoo or Rima river, a tributary of the Niger, in lat. 12 59' N., Ion. 5 12' E. ; pop. more than 20,000. Its name, according to Clapperton, signifies " a halting place." It is laid out in the form of a square, each side of which is about 1J m. long, and is surrounded by a wall upward of 12 ft. high. Eight gates are indicated on Earth's map, two on each side of the city. An impor- tant market is held here, at which an extensive traffic is carried on in slaves, horses, cattle, leather, iron, and articles of food. The prin- cipal industry is the manufacture of leather goods, including bridles, bags, cushions, and many other articles, which are celebrated in central Africa for their excellent quality and fine workmanship. Sackatoo has been ren- dered particularly prominent in the record of African travel by the death of the British ex- plorer Clapperton in its vicinity in 1827. SACKBIT, a wind instrument of the trumpet species, capable of being drawn out to differ- ent lengths, and probably indentical with the modern trombone, which is said to have been modelled by the Italians from an ancient one excavated at Pompeii, and which on its first in- troduction into England was called a sackbut. SACKETPS HARBOR (or more correctly SACK- ET'S), a village in the town of Hounsfield, Jef- ferson co., New York, on the S. shore of Black River bay, an inlet of Lake Ontario, at the ter- minus of the Utica and Black River railroad,