Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIV.djvu/526

 502 RUTLAND RUYSSELEDE lead and zinc, 1 of slate pencils, 28 of roofing materials, 1 of scales, 15 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 2 of woollen and 1 of worsted goods, 38 saw mills, and 14 flour mills. Cap- ital, Rutland. RUTLAND, a town and village, county seat of Rutland co., Vermont, on Otter creek, at the junction of the Rutland, the Harlem Extension, the Rutland and Washington, and the Rensse- laer and Saratoga railroads, 60 m. S. 8. W. of Montpelier ; pop. of the town in 1850, 3,715 ; in 1860, 7,577; in 1870, 9,834, of whom 2,963 were foreigners. The village (pop. in 1875, about 9,000) is built in the valley of the creek near the centre of the town, and is the second place in importance in the state. It is pleas- antly situated between two lines of hills, the Green mountain range on the east and the Taconic range on the west. The Clarendon springs are 6 m. distant, and there are several prominent peaks in the vicinity. The village is laid out at right angles. The business blocks are of brick and marble ; the residences prin- cipally of wood. The public buildings (of brick) are the post office and United States court house, the county court house, and the town hall. There are three large brick hotels ; three national banks, with an aggregate capital of $1,000,000; a savings bank, with about $700, 000 deposits; two daily and weekly news- papers, one of which, the " Herald," was es- tablished in 1794; and ten churches. The town is divided into 18 school districts, inclu- ding the graded district in the village, having 25 school buildings, with 60 teachers and 2,300 pupils. There are several private schools, in- cluding the Rutland military institute, with 100 students. There are no large manufactories. The production of marble is the chief industry, employing about 1,500 men. The annual yield is about 400,000 cubic feet. The quarries, first opened about 1840, are the largest and most valuable in the state, furnishing large and sound blocks of white marble quite as fine as the stat- uary marble of Carrara. Beautiful specimens of variegated and brecciated marble are also found. The town was chartered in 1761 and settled in 1770. A centennial celebration was held in October, 1870. It was one of the capi- tals of the state from 1784 to 1804. The vil- lage was incorporated in 1847. RUTLANDSHIRE, an inland county of Eng- land, bordering on Lincolnshire, Northamp- tonshire, and Leicestershire ; area, 149 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 22,070. The scenery is beauti- ful, and the soil fertile. It is the smallest county in England, and is remarkable for its wheat and cheese ; but barley is the principal production. The chief town is Oakham. RUTLEDGE. I. John, an American states- man, of Irish parentage, born in Charleston, S. C., in 1739, died there, July 23, 1800. He studied law in London, returned to Charleston in 1761, and attained the foremost rank as an advocate. He was a member of the stamp act congress at New York in 1765, of the South Carolina convention in 1774, and in the same year a delegate to the continental congress at Philadelphia. He was reappointed to the con- gress of 1775 ; and in 1770, in the convention of South Carolina, he was chairman of the committee which prepared the constitution, and was elected president of the new govern- ment. When Fort Moultrie was attacked by the British in June, he sent to it 500 Ibs. of pow- der, against the advice of Gen. Lee, and direct- ed Col. Moultrie not to evacuate it without an order from him. In 1779 he was chosen gover- nor, and when Charleston was threatened with a siege he was clothed by the legislature with dictatorial power. In May, 1780, when Charles- ton fell, Rutledge retired to North Carolina, and for nearly two years accompanied the southern army. In 1782 he was elected to congress, and in 1784 chosen chancellor of the state; and ho was a member of the convention for framing the federal constitution, the ratifica- tion of which he supported in the state con- vention. In 1789 he was appointed an associ- ate judge of the United States supreme court, and in 1791 elected chief justice of South Car- olina. He was appointed chief justice of the United States in July, 1795, and presided at the succeeding term of the supreme court ; but the senate, for political reasons, refused to confirm the appointment. II. Edward, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, brother of the preceding, born in Charleston, Nov. 23, 1749, died Jan. 28, 1800. He studied law in London, practised in Charleston, and in l774-'7 was a member of the oontinentul congress. In June, 1776, he was a member of the first board of war, and in September was associated with Dr. Franklin and John Adams as a commit- tee to confer with Lord Howe on Staten island as to terms of accommodation. In 1779 he was again appointed to congress, but was pre- vented by illness from taking his seat. Du- ring the siege of Charleston in 1780 he was taken prisoner and detained for 11 months at St. Augustine. In the legislature of 1791 he drew up the act for the abolition of the rights of primogeniture. From 1798 till his death he was governor of the state. RITLI. See Gutf-ru. Kill LI. a Pelasgian people of ancient Italy, on the coast of Latium, whose chief town, Ardea, became a Roman colony about 490 B. 0. In Virgil, King Turnus of the Rutnlians is mentioned as an enemy of Latinus, who gave his daughter Lavinia, previously promised to Turnus, in marriage to ^Eneas. Their name disappears after the time of the Roman kings. RUYSDAEL, Jacob, a Dutch painter, born in Haarlem about 1680, died there in November, 1681. He abandoned his original profession of surgery and rose to great distinction as a landscape and marine painter. The figures in some of his pictures were executed by Ostade, Wouvermans, Berghem, and others. RUYSSELEDE, a town of West Flanders, Bel- gium, 14 m. S. S. E. of Bruges; pop. about