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 ROSELLINI ROSENKRANZ 439 major general of volunteers, and was placed in command of the army of the Mississippi, and fought the battles of luka (Sept. 19) and Cor- inth (Oct. 3, 4), in both of which he was vic- torious. In October he was made commander of the army of the Cumberland, and fought against Gen. Bragg the battle of Murfrees- borough or Stone river, Dec. 26, 1862, to Jan. 2, 1863. Crossing the Cumberland mountains and the Tennessee river, he was defeated by Bragg at the battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 20, and was relieved from the command and succeeded by Gen. Thomas. In January, 1864, he was placed in command of the department of the Missouri. He was mustered out of the volunteer service in 1866, and resigned his commission in the United States army in 1867. In 1868-'9 he was for a few months minister to Mexico. ROSELLINI, Ippolito, an Italian Egyptologist, born in Pisa, Aug. 13, 1800, died in Florence, June 4, 1843. In 1824 he was appointed pro- fessor of oriental languages in the university of Pisa. He became a disciple of Champollion in the study of Egyptian hieroglyphics, and when in 1824-'6 that scholar examined the Egyptian monuments in the capitals of Italy, Rosellini attended him, and returned with him to Paris. In 1827 the grand duke of Tuscany, Leopold II., sent him and six companions to explore the monuments of Egypt ; and he joined Champollion's party sent out at the same time by the government of France on a similar expedition. The results of both expe- ditions were to appear conjointly ; but on the death of Champollion in 1832, Rosellini took sole charge of the publication, the last volumes of which were completed after his death by friends. After his return to Pisa he was ap- pointed librarian of the university, and in 1839 he began a series of archa3ological lectures ; but in 1841 he gave up all other labor to de- vote himself to Egyptology. His great work is entitled / monumenti delV Egitto e della Nubia, (9 vols. 8vo with 3 vols. fol. of plates, Pisa, 1832-'43). ROSEMARY (Lat. rozmarinm, dew of the sea, the plant growing wild upon the Mediterranean coast), a genus of the labiate family, consist- ing of a single species, rosmarinus officinalis. Rosemary is a shrub 4 or 5 ft. high, with op- posite, sessile, entire, linear leaves, about an inch long, which are rather thick, and revolute on the margins, the upper surface smooth and green, the under side white-hoary, with stel- late hairs; the pale blue flowers appear in the axils of the upper leaves, and have the struc- ture common to the monardice tribe of labi- ates to which the genus belongs. All parts of the plant have an aromatic odor and taste due to an essential oil. Its aromatic quali- ties were known to the ancients, who ascribed numerous virtues to it ; in Europe it was for- merly used in funeral as well as marriage gar- lands, it being regarded as the herb of re- membrance and fidelity, and there were vari- Bosemnry (Kosina- rinus officinalis). ous superstitions connected with it. The Ger- mans appear to value it at present, and the florists near large cities send to market nu- merous pots of rosemary each spring to supply the. demand. It is not hardy north of Vir- ginia. The properties of rosemary are similar to those of other aromatics ; it has long had a reputation as a useful stimulant for the hair, and the oil is still em- ployed to perfume hair wash- es. Dried rosemary tops are sometimes kept in the shops, but it is principally used in the form of oil, which is made in considerable quantities on the southern coast of France an'd that of Italy, and largely by persons who travel from place to place with a rude still, which they set up in lo- calities where the plant is abundant. The oil of com- merce is much adulterated ; when pure it has an agree- able odor, and is used in some kinds of perfumery, and as an external stimulant in lini- ments. Marsh rosemary is the common name for statice limonium, a perennial herb of the plumbaginacece, the large and intensely astringent root of which is often used in domestic practice. ROSEN, Fried rich August, a German orientalist, born in Hanover, Sept. 2, 1805, died in Lon- don, Sept. 12, 1837. After attending the gym- nasium in Gottingen, he studied in Leipsic, and subsequently in Berlin, where he was a pupil of Bopp. In 1826 he published his Corporis Radicum Sanscritarum Prolusio, subsequently enlarged under the title of Radices Sanscritce (1827). In 1829 he became professor of ori- ental languages in the university of London, which post he exchanged for the professor- ship of Sanskrit. He was also secretary to the oriental translation committee, and hon- orary foreign secretary to the royal Asiatic society. He published in 1831 an Arabic trea- tise on mathematics by Mohammed ben Musa, and wrote the oriental articles for the " Penny Cyclopedia." At the time of his death he was at work on an edition of the Pug- Veda, and the Asiatic society published in the following year the portion completed by him. He re- vised the Bengalee, Sanskrit, and English dic- tionary of Sir Graves Haughton. ROSENKRANZ, Johann Karl Friedrieh, a Ger- man philosopher, born in Magdeburg, April 23, 1805. He graduated at Halle in 1828, and was professor there from 1831 to 1833, and subsequently at Konigsberg. He has extended the system of Hegel, applying it to all spheres of thought and life. His best known works are: Psychologic (Konigsberg, 1837; 3d ed., 1863) ; Geschichte der Kanfschen Philotophie,