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 ROLETTE ROMANA 391 tion of June 20, and paved the way for that of Aug. 10, when the Girondists were restored to the ministry. Danton, who was made minister of justice, incited the Jacobins and the popu- lace against Roland, and scandalous reports were spread about his wife. On Dec. 7 Mme. Roland appeared before the convention to an- swer a charge of treasonable correspondence with the English ministry. The triumphant manner in which she cleared herself at once silenced and enraged her accusers. During the trial of the king, Roland found important documents bearing against him in a secret closet of the palace, and submitted them. to the convention; but as he had examined them without witnesses, it was charged that he had abstracted some of them. The Girondist min- isters resigned Jan. 22, 1793, and on May 31 Roland was arrested and held a prisoner in his own house. Mme. Roland rose from a sick bed to demand his release at the bar of the convention ; but she failed to get a hear- ing, and on her return found that he had es- caped. She was herself arrested on June 2, and during her imprisonment wrote her me- moirs under the title of Appel d la posterite, the manuscript of which was preserved by her friend Bosc, who also adopted her daughter and only child, then 12 years old. Her con- duct was heroic, and on the way to the scaf- fold she occupied herself in comforting a de- spondent old man beside her in the cart. Of her (Euvres completes (3 vols. 8vo, 1800) the first two volumes contain her Memoires (new editions by 0. A. Dauban, 4 vols., 1864, and by Prosper Faugere, 2 vols., 1864). Besides her correspondence with the demoiselles Canet, there have been published Lettres autographes de Mme. Roland, adressees a Bancal des Issarts, with an introduction by Sainte-Beuve (8vo, 1835). On Nov. 15, 1793, a week after her exe- cution, the body of M. Roland was found four leagues from Rouen (in which city he had lain concealed for five months), pierced with the blade of a sword cane which lay beside him, and with a paper in his pocket protesting his honesty of purpose in all his actions, and con- cluding: "When I heard that my wife had been massacred, I would not remain any longer in a world stained with crimes." The corpse was carried to Paris and subjected to gross indignities. See Dauban's tltude sur Mme. Roland et son temps (1864). ROLETTE, a N. E. county of Dakota, bor- dering on British America, recently formed, and not included in the census of 1870 ; area, about 1,850 sq. m. The extreme E. part is watered by a stream that empties into Mini- wakan or Devil's lake. The N. W. part is oc- cupied by the Turtle mountains. The surface consists chiefly of rolling prairies. ROLFE, Robert Mousey. See CRANWOETH. ROLLIN, Charles, a French historian, born in Paris, Jan. 30, 1661, died there, Sept. 14, 1741. He was gratuitously admitted to a school the pupils of which attended classes at the college de Plessis. He next studied theology, but did not take orders, and became professor of rhet- oric in his college, and in 1688 in the college de France. He was chosen rector of the university in 1694, and was reflected in 1695. In 1696 he became coadjutor at the col!6ge de Beau- vais, where his methods of instruction subject- ed him on the part of the Jesuits to charges of Jansenism, especially as he had shown sym- pathy with the Port Royalists. He was dis- missed from his rectorship in 1712, but held it again for a short time in 1720. Under Cardi- nal Fleury he was subjected to indignities on account of his enlightened opinions, and on his death public homage to his memory was pro- hibited by the government. His most popular work, Histoire ancienne (13 vols., 1730-'38), has been frequently reprinted in French and in English ; the best known abridgment is by the abbe Tailhie (5 vols., 1853). His other works include Traite des etudes (4 vols., 1726-'8), also often reprinted in French and English, and Histoire romaine (9 vols., 1738 et seq., the four last by his pupil Crevier; latest ed. by Didot in 10 vols., 1862 ; abridged by the abbe Tailhie, 5 vols., 1863). ROLLIN, Ledrn. See LEDRU-ROLLIN. ROLLO. See NORTHMEN. R09IAGNOSI, Gian Domenieo, an Italian jurist, born near Piacenza in December, 1761, died in Milan, June 8, 1835. He was chief civil magistrate of Trent, and the Austrians arrest- ed him in 1799 on account of his alleged sym- pathy with the French, but he was acquitted. During his detention he observed the deviation of the magnetic needle under the influence of a galvanic current. His discovery, published in a journal of Trent in 1802, attracted little attention until the discoveries of Oersted in 1819-'20. He was successively professor of law at Parma, Pavia, and Milan. After the fall of Napoleon he lost his position at the Milan university, but continued to lecture till 1817. In 1818 he was again tried for trea- son at Venice, and again acquitted. His most celebrated work is Introduzione allo studio del diritto puliblico universale (2 vols., Parma, 1805; 5th ed., Milan, 1836). Complete edi- tions of his writings have been published at Florence (19 vols., 1832 et seq.} and Milan (15 vols., 1836-'45). ROMAIC. See GREECE, LANGUAGE AND LIT- ERATURE OF, vol. viii., pp. 208 and 210. KO.MAYl, Pedro Caro y Snreda, marquis de la, a Spanish soldier, born in Palma, island of Majorca, in 1761, died in Cartaxo, Portugal, in 1811. He entered the naval service, and in 1782 participated in the siege of Gibral- tar by the united forces of France and Spain. When the war broke out between these two powers, he joined the army. In 1800 he was appointed captain general of Catalonia, and then a member, of the supreme council of war. When Napoleon forced the Spanish govern- ment to place an army at his disposal, these troops, 15,000 in number, were intrusted to