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 EIBBON WORMS EICE 307 brilliant red, with indistinct dark bands, and the dorsal saffron yellow bordered with rose. RIBBON WORMS, the common name of the family nemertidas, with the planarians consti- tuting the order turbellaria. They are found on the seashore, are worm-like in shape, have a distinct anus, and, in many cases, no exter- nal opening to the water- vascular system. The larvffi are generally free-swimming and ciliated, a small portion only producing the adult, the rest being cast away. (See PLANABIANS.) RIBERA, Jose. See SPAGNOLETTO. RICARDO, David, an English political econ- omist, born of Jewish parentage in London, April 19, 1772, died at Gatcomb park, Glouces- tershire, Sept. 11, 1823. He received a com- mercial education in Holland, and was associ- ated with his father in his business of stock broker. He became a Christian, and in 1793 married against his father's wishes. The part- nership was dissolved, but the younger Ricardo in a few years realized a fortune. He studied mathematics, chemistry, and mineralogy, and was one of the promoters of the London ge- ological society. In 1819 he was elected to parliament by the Irish borough of Portarling- ton, which he continued to represent till his death. His first publication was a tract, " The High Price of Bullion a Proof of the Deprecia- tion of Bank Notes" (1809). His principal work is " On the Principles of Political Econ- omy and Taxation " (1817). His works with an account of his life have been collected and edited by J. R. McCulloch (8vo, London, 1846). (See POLITICAL ECONOMY.) RICAREES. See RICKAEEES. RICASOLI, Bettino, baron, an Italian states- man, born in Florence, March 9, 1809. He became known in 1847 as an advocate of con- stitutional liberty, and was chosen mayor of Florence. In 1848 he was elected to the Tus- can parliament. He opposed the extreme radi- cals, and after the disastrous battle of Novara (March 23, 1849) he favored the restoration of the grand duke of Tuscany as a barrier against Austrian invasion ; but the reactionary policy of the latter soon drove him from political life. In 1859 he hastened the overthrow of the grand duke, and as a member of the provi- sional government he brought about the union of Tuscany with Sardinia, and became Victor Emanuel's chief representative and afterward governor general at Florence. On the death of Cavour in June, 1861, he succeeded him as prime minister, with several portfolios, hold- ing the post till March, 1862; and he was again premier in 1866-'7. He was reflected to the Italian parliament in September, 1874, having first entered that body in 1861. RICACT, or Ryeant, Sir Panl, an English diplo- matist, died in London, Dec. 16, 1700. He graduated at Cambridge, accompanied the earl of Winchelsea to Constantinople, was British consul at Smyrna for 11 years, accompanied the earl of Clarendon in 1685 to Ireland, and was for 10 years minister to the Hanse towns. He wrote " The Present State of the Ottoman Empire" (1668); "The Present State of the Greek and Armenian Churches" (1679); and "History of the Turkish Empire from 1623 to 1679" (1680), a continuation of Knolle's " General History of the Turks." RICCI, Federigo, an Italian composer, born in Naples about 1809. He studied with his elder brother Luigi (who died in 1859) at the con- servatory of Naples, and jointly with him com- posed Crispino e la comare. He has been di- rector of the operas at Madrid, Lisbon, and St. Petersburg. RICCIO, Domenico. See BKTTSASOBCI. RICCIOLI, Giovanni Battista, an Italian astron- omer, born in Ferrara, April 17, 1598, died in Bologna, June 25, 1671. He was a member of the society of Jesus, taught in the Jesuit col- leges of Parma and Bologna, and finally de- voted himself to astronomy and geography. He undertook, though in a friendly spirit, to refute Copernicus in the Almagestum Novum (2 vols. fol., Bologna, 1651). His Astronomia Reformata (2 vols., 1665) is a completion of the former work. Madler says that Riccioli's work " would have been forgotten had he not been led by vanity to find a place for his own name on the moon, an arrangement which he only achieved by displacing all the names used by Hevelius, at the risk of causing perplexity and confusion to later astronomers." He also published Geographies et Hydrographies Refor- mat Libri XII. (fol., 1661) and Chronologia Reformata (1669). RICE (Gr. 6pva, Lat. oryza, Fr. riz), one of the cereal grains, oryza sativa, of the grass family. The genus is the type of a small tribe of graminece, the oryzece, in which the one-flowered spikelets have the glumes very Bice (Oryza eativa), bearded and beardless varieties. Sepa- rate Spikelet enlarged. much reduced, or wanting altogether, and the palets, which in most grasses are more delicate, are in these firm and prominently nerved. In rice itself, an annual 2 to 4 ft. high, the lance-