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 RAMSAY RAMSEY 19T (1860); "Physical Geology and Geography of Great Britain " (1863 ; 4th ed., 1875) ; and vol. v. of the " Geological Survey of Great Britain " (1856-'66), comprising "Geology of Wiltshire and Gloucestershire." He has in preparation (1875) a work on the formation of hills and valleys, to be entitled " Earth Sculpture." RAMSAY, Andrew Michael, known as the cheva- lier de Ramsay, a Scottish author, born in Ayr in 1C86, died in St. Germain-en -Laye, France, May 6, 1743. He was educated at the univer- sity of Edinburgh, afterward resided for six months with F6nelon at Cambrai, became a Roman Catholic, and was appointed tutor to the duke de Chateau-Thierry and afterward to the prince de Turenne. Subsequently he had charge for a year at Rome of the education of the two sons of the pretender. He revisited Scotland in 1725, and for several years was an inmate of the family of the duke of Argyll. Returning to France, he was intendant of the prince de Turenne till his death. His largest work is " On the Principles of Natural and Revealed Religion" (2 vols. 4to, Glasgow, 1749). His Voyages de Cyrus (2 vols. 8vo, Paris and London, 1727), by which he is best known, is a palpable imitation of the Tele- maque of Fenelon. It was translated into English by Nathaniel Hooke. He also wrote a biography of Fenelon (the Hague, 1723), and one of Marshal Turenne (Paris, 1735), both translated into English. RAMSAY, David, an American historian, born in Lancaster co., Pa., April 2, 1749, assassi- nated in Charleston, S. C., May 8, 1815. In 1773 he settled as a physician in Charleston. He took the field as a surgeon at the outbreak of the revolution, was a member of the South Carolina legislature, and of the privy council or council of safety, and after the capture of Charleston he was included among sev- eral inhabitants of that place who were held in close confinement at St. Augustine as hos- tages. From 1782 to 1786 he was a member of congress from the Charleston district, and for a year was president of that body. He was shot in the street by a lunatic, to whose insan- ity he had testified. In 1785 he published his " History of the Revolution in South Carolina," and in 1789 his " History of the American Rev- olution." Both were republished in Europe, and were translated into French. In 1801 he published a "Life of Washington," and in 1809 a "History of South Carolina" (2 vols. 8vo). His " History of the United States," from their settlement as English colonies to the close of 1808, was continued to the treaty of Ghent by the Rev. S. S. Smith and others (3 vols. 8vo). This was included in his " Universal History Americanized" (12 vols. 8vo, 1816-'19), pur- porting to give a historical view of the world from the earliest records to the 19th century. Among his minor works was a " History of the Congregational Church in Charleston" (1815). RA9ISAY, Edward Baimernan, a Scottish au- thor, born at Balmain, Kincardineshire, Jan. 31, 1793, died in Edinburgh, Dec. 27, 1872. He graduated at St. John's college, Cambridge, in 1815, was a curate of the established church in Somersetshire for seven years, became min- ister of St. John's church in Edinburgh in 1830, and in 1841 dean of the Reformed Episcopal church in Scotland. He delivered in 1862 be- fore the philosophical institute of Edinburgli two lectures on the " Genius and Works of Handel," and in 1866 two lectures on "Preach- ers and Preaching," which have been published in book form. His best known publication is his " Reminiscences of Scottish Life and Char- acter" (Edinburgh, 1857), which in 1872 had passed through 19 editions. His "Manual of Catechising" (1859) has had 11 editions. He also published memoirs of Sir J. E. Smith (1827) and of Dr. Chalmers (1867) ; " Ad- vent Sermons" (1850) ; "Diversities of Chris- tian Character " (1858) ; " The Christian Life " (1859) ; " On the Canon Law of the Episco- pal Church of Scotland as it stood in 1860" (I860); "Christian Responsibility" (1864); and "Pulpit Table Talk" (1868). RAMSDEN, Jesse, an English instrument ma- ker, born at Salterhebble, near Halifax, York- shire, in 1735, died in Brighton, Nov. 5, 1800. He was at first a cloth dresser, but in 1758 bound himself to an instrument maker in London, and he early opened a shop of his own. He improved the construction of the sextant so as to reduce the limit of error from 5' to 30". He married the daughter of Dol- lond, and acquired a part of Dollond's pat- ent for achromatic telescopes. The telescopes erected by him at the observatories of Blen- heim, Mannheim, Dublin, Paris, and Gotha were remarkable for the superiority of their object glasses. One of his most celebrated productions was a dividing machine of great perfection. By his will a large portion of his fortune was distributed among his workmen. He was a fellow of the royal society, and of the imperial academy of St. Petersburg. RAMSES. See RAMESES. RAMSEY. I. An E. county of Minnesota, bordered S. W. and S. by the Mississippi riv- er; area, about 200 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 22,- 886. It has an elevated surface, with prairies and forests. It is intersected by several rail- roads centring in St. Paul. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 54,321 bushels of. wheat, 38,020 of Indian corn, 53,868 of oats, 9,015 of barley, 5,600 tons of hay, 1,500 Ibs. of wool, and 91,185 of butter. There were 618 horses, 1,099 milch cows, 298 sheep, and 1,357 swine ; 9 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 5 of > furniture, 3 of dressed furs, 4 of machinery, 6 of saddlery and harness, 3 of sash, doors, and blinds, 3 of soap and candles, 3 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 1 tannery, 2 flour mills, 2 saw mills, and 4 distilleries. Capital, St. Paul, which is also the capital of the state. II. A N. E. county of Dakota, recently formed and not included in the census of 1870 ; area, about 1,500 sq. m. Stump lake is in the S.