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 PUTLITZ PUTNAM 99 said to have prevailed in Louisiana soon after its settlement by the French. It is not known to have occurred in the northern portion of the United States otherwise than sporadically ; unless, possibly, the "malignant erysipelas" which prevailed in the northern part of the state of New York in 1825 was a variety of ma- lignant pustule ; it was immediately preceded by a fatal epizootic of slavers among horses. In the same region, and just subsequent to an epizootic among horned cattle in 1842, there were several cases of genuine malignant pus- tule, yet no one seems to have recognized its source. Since that time, and it may be added since the common practice of feeding cattle on the refuse of distilleries and breweries, and the more general spread of epizootic diseases, particularly in the northern part of the United States, malignant pustule has become more common. Both of the epidemics referred to were in conjunction with epizootics. PI TUT/, Gnstav Heinrich Cans zn, a German poet, born at Eetzien, Prussia, March 20, 1821. He studied in Magdeburg, Berlin, and Heidel- berg, and was employed in the civil service from 1846 to 1848. In 1863 he became director of the court theatre at Schwerin. His exquisite fairy poem, Was sich der Wald erzaldt (Berlin, 1850 ; 32d ed., 1872), served as a model for many similar works, and was followed by Vergiss- meinnicht (1851 ; 9th ed., 1872), Die Halben (1869), Walpurgis (1870), and Funken unterder Asche (1871). He has also written Branden- lurger Oeschichten (Stuttgart, 1862), Novellen (1863), and numerous dramas and comedies, the latter collected in many volumes, 1850-'69. His collected works appeared in 1872. PUTNAM, the name of counties in nine of the United States. I. A S. E. county of New York, bordered W. by the Hudson river, E. by Connecticut, and watered by Oroton river and Peekskill creek ; area, 234 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 15,420. Its surface is mountainous, several ranges crossing the county from S. W. to N.' E., and the deep valleys are fertile. There are several beautiful mountain lakes, the principal of which are Mahopac, Canopus, and Gleneida. Iron, granite, limestone, and other minerals are found in the mountains, and there are many mines and quarries. It is traversed by the Hudson River and the New York and Harlem railroads. The chief pro- ductions in 1870 were 2,599 bushels of wheat, J,934 of Indian corn, 49,673 of oats, 101,595 of potatoes, 33,671 tons of hay, 3,707 Ibs. of wool, and 277,759 of butter. There were 2,184 horses, 10,220 milch cows, 1,480 work- ing oxen, 2,141 other cattle, 2,119 sheep, and 2,015 swine ; 3 flour mills, 3 paper mills, 2 founderies, and 5 manufactories of tin, cop- per, and sheet-iron ware. Capital, Carmel. II. A W. county of West Virginia, touching the Ohio with its W. corner, intersected by the Great Kanawha, and drained by its tribu- taries; area, about 350 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 7,794, of whom 260 were colored. It has a rough and hilly surface and a generally fertile soil, and contains extensive beds of iron ore and bituminous coal. The Chesapeake and Ohio railroad crosses the S. corner. The chief productions in 1870 were 40,020 bushels of wheat, 232,126 of Indian corn, 49,879 of oats, 28,090 of potatoes, 472,765 Ibs. of tobacco, 14,992 of wool, 63,061 of butter, and 19,541 gallons of sorghum molasses. There were 1,463 horses, 1,565 milch cows, 3,035 other cattle, 6,291 sheep, and 6,999 swine. Capital, Winfield. III. A central county of Georgia, bordered E. by the Oconee and drained by Little river and several creeks ; area, about 350 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 10,461, of whom 7,445 were colored. It has a nearly level sur- face, abounding with forests of oak and pine, and a soil naturally fertile. The Milledgeville branch of the Central railway of Georgia ter- minates at Eatonton. The chief productions in 1870 were 11,040 bushels of wheat, 160,661 of Indian corn, 7,872 of oats, 14,848 of sweet potatoes, 7,326 bales of cotton, 3,328 Ibs. of wool, and 29,047 of butter. There were 464 horses, 1,100 mules and asses, 1,541 milch cows, 465 working oxen, 2,250 other cattle, 1,538 sheep, and 4,346 swine. Capital, Eaton- ton. IV. An E. county of Florida, bounded E. by St. John's river and drained by its tribu- taries; area, 610 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 3,821, of whom 1,334 were colored. The surface is low and level, and the soil fertile. It contains several small lakes. The chief productions in 1870 were 16,592 bushels of Indian corn, 11,- 673 of sweet potatoes, 162 bales of cotton, 1,125 Ibs. of rice, and 4,823 gallons of molasses. There were 1,055 milch cows, 5,526 other cattle, 360 sheep, and 2,710 swine. Capital, Palatka. V. A N. county of Tennessee, drain- ed by affluents of the Cumberland river ; area, about 500 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 8,698, of whom 530 were colored. It has a hilly sur- face, and much of it is covered by forests. The chief productions in 1870 were 39,330 bushels of wheat, 332,254 of Indian corn, 37,- 854 of oats, 17,367 of Irish and 11,581 of sweet potatoes, 131,856 Ibs. of tobacco, 19,092 of wool, 125,938 of butter, 18,945 of honey, and 17,772 gallons of sorghum molasses. There were 2,218 horses, 2,166 milch cows, 1,364 working oxen, 2,865 other cattle, 10,460 sheep, and 21,568 swine. Capital, Cookville. VI. A N. W. county of Ohio, drained by Auglaize river and its tributaries, the Ottawa and Blanchard's fork ; area, about 500 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 17,081. It has a level surface, is covered with large tracts of timber, and its soil is fertile. It is intersected by the Cincin- nati, Hamilton, and Dayton railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 237,586 bushels of wheat, 434,948 of Indian corn, 105,896 of oats, 70,527 of potatoes, 16,331 tons of hay, 78,605 Ibs. of wool, 330,078 of butter, 14,098 of maple sugar, and 12,801 gallons of sorghum molasses. There were 5,437 horses, 5,242 milch cows, 7,191 other cattle, 23,269 sheep,