Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIII.djvu/88

 78 PARIS forming part of the quartier du Pantheon), and quartier Bre"da, to the region occupying the northern part of the quartier de 1'Opera and its vicinity. The climate of Paris is variable, but very healthful, moist rather than dry, with an average annual rainfall, in 105 rainy days, of 22 inches. Falls of snow are rare and slight. The mean temperature is 51 F., the average summer and winter extremes being respective- ly 96 above and 1 below zero. The city lies in a nearly level plain, broken on the right bank of the Seine by a range of hills (buttes) about two miles from the river. This plain extends above a singular geological formation Paris and its Environs. Bounds of city under Louis VFI. Bounds under' Philip Augustus. Bounds under Louis XIV. Barriers under Louis XVI. 1. H6tel de Cluny. 2. Institnt de France. 3. Notre Dame. 4. Palais de Justice. 5. Place du Roi de Rome. 6. Avenue Bois de Boulogne. 7. An deTriomphe. 8. Avenue des Champs Elysfies. 9. Pare de Monceaux. 10. Palais de I'Elyse'e. 11. Palais de 1'Industrie. 12. Place de la Concorde 13. Madeleine. 14. Grand Opera. 15. Place Vend&me. 16. Theatre des Italiens. 17. Bourse. 18. Palais Royal and Theatre Francais. 19 Tuileries. 20. Louvre. 21. Halles Centrales. 22. H6tel de Ville. 23. Place Royale. 24. Place de la Bastille. 25. Cemetery of Montmartre. 26 Bassin de la Villette. 27. Custom House. 28. Gare de 1' Arsenal. 29. Cemeterv of Pere Lachaise. 30. Place du Tr6ne. 31. Jardin des Plantei 32. Wine Market. 33. Collfiee de France. 34. Sorbonne. 35. Pantheon. 36. Observatory. 37. Luxembourg Garden. 38. Palais du S6nat. 39 St. Sulpice. 40. Corps Ugislatif. 41. Archiepiscopal Palace. 42. H&tel des Invalides. 43. Military School. 44. Champ de Mars. 45. Cemeterj of Mont Parnasse. called the Paris basin, the arrangement of which presents a peculiar assemblage of natural ad- vantages ; its different strata supply the city's water, its building stone, gravel, &c. Over an inexhaustible reservoir which, tapped by arte- sian wells, supplies extensive quarters of the town with water, spreads, first, the great chalk formation, to which succeed in ascending ordei the following layers : plastic clay, marine lime- stone, silicious (fresh-water) limestone, gyp- sum, alternating with marls abounding in f ossi] remains. The alluvial deposit is of great fer- tility, yielding incessant crops. It is estimated that 324,000,000 cub. ft. of building stone have