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 PRfiVOST-PARADOL endeavoring to gain admission to the less rig- orous monastery of Cluny, he escaped from the consequences of his unauthorized depart- ure from the abbey by going to Holland, and in 1733 to England. The patronage of the prince of Conti enabled him in 1734 to return to France, and he became his chaplain. The last year of his life was passed in seclusion. He translated Cicero's "Familiar Letters," Middleton's " Life of Cicero," Hume's " His- tory of the House of Stuart," and the princi- pal novels of Richardson. His most elaborate work is the 17 volumes of his Histoire generale des voyages, subsequently extended by other authors, including La Harpe. The most cele- brated of his numerous works is his semi-auto- biographic Manon Lescaut, originally printed in 1733 under the title of Histoire du chevalier Desgrieux et de Manon Lescaut (last ed., 1875). His complete works comprise nearly 200 vol- umes. His (Euvres choisies have been pub- lished together with those of Le Sage (54 vols., Paris, 1783-'4, and 55 vols., 1810-'16). PREVOST-PARADOL, Lucien Anatole, a French author, born in Paris, Aug. 8, 1829, died by his own hand in Washington, D. C., July 19, 1870. His mother was a celebrated tragic ac- tress. In 1855 he became professor of French literature at Aix, and afterward obtained ce- lebrity as 'a journalist in Paris. In 1863 and 1869 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the corps legislatif ; in 1865 he was elected to the academy over Jules Janin. In the summer of 1870 Napoleon III., whom he had previously opposed, appointed him minister to "Washing- ton. The cause of his suicide has been ascribed to his brain being affected by excessive heat, and to excitement at the outbreak of the Franco-German war. His principal works are: Revue de Vhistoire universelle (1854; new ed., 2 vols., 1865) ; Du role de lafamille dans ^education, crowned by the academy of moral sciences (1857); Essais de politique et de litterature (3 vols. 8vo, 1859-'63) ; Quelques pages d'Jiistoire contemporaine (4 vols. 12mo, 1862-'6); and La France nouvelle (1868). PRIAM, in Greek legends, the last king of Troy, son of Laomedon. In his youth he was taken prisoner by Hercules. He had previ- ously been called Podarces, the swift-footed ; but he was now bought from Hercules by his sister Hesione, and was thence called Priamus, or the ransomed. According to Homer, he had 50 sons, Hecuba alone having borne him 19 ; among them were Paris, Helenus, Deipho- bus, and Hector, whom he loved best, and whose corpse he succeeded in ransoming from Achilles. Among his daughters, who accord- ing to some also numbered 50, were Polyxena, Cassandra, and Creiisa. Before the Trojan war he made an expedition against the Phry- gians in aid of the Amazons. At the beginning of that war he was already too old to partici- pate in the combats, and he appears only once on the field of battle, to settle the terms of the .single combat between Paris and Menelaus 683 VOL. xiii. 53 PRICE 829 According to a later legend, he was slain at the sack of Troy by Neoptolemus, son of Achilles. PRIAPUS, in Greek and Roman mythology, a type of fecundity, both in plants and ani- mals, variously represented as the son of Bac- chus and Venus, of Bacchus and a naiad, of Adonis and Venus, of Mercury, or of Pan. Homer and Hesiod do not mention him, and Strabo says that he was worshipped only in later times, and more especially at Lampsacus, which one tradition names as his birthplace. He was generally represented in the form of herma, that is, by a head placed on a quad- rangular pillar, and painted red. His emblem was the phallus, and bearing this his image was placed in gardens and vineyards. PRICE, Bartholomew, an English mathema- tician, born at Coin St. Dennis, Gloucester- shire, in 1818. He is the son of a clergyman, and graduated in 1840 at Pembroke college, Oxford, of which he was elected fellow. He became tutor there and examiner in mathe- matical and physical science, and in 1853 pro- fessor of natural philosophy, which chair he still holds (1875). His principal work is a " Treatise on the Infinitesimal Calculus " (4 vols., Oxford, 1857-'62). PRICE, Richard, a British author, born at Tynton, Glamorganshire, Feb. 23, 1723, died in London, March 19, 1791. He was the son of a dissenting Calvinistic minister, and studied at a dissenting academy. In 1743 he became a domestic chaplain at Stoke-Newington, in which office he remained 13 years. The death of his uncle left him a small fortune, and he married in 1757, and the next year became morning preacher in Newington Green chapel. He was afterward appointed pastor of the Gravelpit meeting, Hackney, and afternoon preacher at Newington Green, both of which offices he held till a short time before his death. His " Review of the Principal Ques- tions and Difficulties in Morals" (1758) is an attempt to found moral obligation on intel- lectual instead of sentimental tests. In 1769 he published a treatise on reversionary pay- ments, which resulted in their dissolution or modification ; the seventh edition appeared in 1812 His " Appeal on the Subject of the National Debt" (1772) is said to have been the foundation of Pitt's sinking fund scheme. Of his " Observations on Civil Liberty and the Justice and Policy of the War with America " (1776) 60 000 copies were soon distributed. For this work he received the thanks of the corporation of London and the freedom of the city, and in 1778 the American congress in- vited him to become a citizen of the United States, and to aid them in managing then- finances, promising him a liberal remuneration if he should remove to America. Jn 1 received the degree of LL. D. from Yale col We. He wrote various other works on re li|ion, ethics, politics, and finance. Hfe bi< raphy was written by his nephew William Morgan, D. D. (London, 1815).