Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIII.djvu/830

 806 PRSAULT PREBLE vase beside the -statue, and was intended to indicate that she had just left the bath. Pliny recounts that Praxiteles made two statues of Venus, the one draped, the other naked, and that he thought them of equal value, and of- fered them for the same price ; that the peo- ple of Cos bought the draped one, the people of Onidus the other ; and that this latter total- ly eclipsed the fame of the draped statue. It was afterward taken to Constantinople, where it perished by fire in the reign of Justinian. Praxiteles also made two marble statues of Eros. It is said that in his fondness for Phryne, the courtesan, the artist had promised to give her whichever of his works she chose, but would not tell her which of them he thought the best. To discover this she sent a slave to tell him that a fire had broken out in his house, and that his works would perish, whereupon he cried out that all his toil was lost if the fire had touched his satyr or his Eros. Phryne chose the Eros, and dedicated it at Thespise. The satyr is said to have stood in the street of the tripods at Athens, and it is supposed that several existing marble statues, which represent a satyr leaning against the trunk of a tree, are copies of it. His works in marble are thought to have been covered with a thin encaustic varnish of flesh color. PREAULT, Antpine Augnstin, a French sculptor of the romantic school, born in Paris, Oct. 8, 1809. He was a pupil of David, and his works include "Undine," "The Amazon Riv- er," "The Queen of Sheba," "Charlemagne," "Carthage," "The Adoration of the Magi," "Ophelia," "The Human Comedy," "Andre Chenier" and other pieces for the Louvre, "Hecuba" and "The Murder of Ibycus" (1863), "Hope" (1866), "Adam Mickiewicz " (1868), and "A Child's Portrait" (1869). PREBEND (Lat. prcebere, to deliver), in ec- clesiastical usage, a pensioned office attached to a cathedral or collegiate church, and the emoluments derived from the same. Canons or members of cathedral or conventual chap- ters were to receive for the singing of the di- vine office, or the fulfilment of some equiva- lent duty, a fixed stipend distributed weekly or daily, which was called portio canonica prcebenda. It became also the custom to en- dow more richly certain offices in the chapter to which the cure of souls and jurisdiction were attached. These prebends were styled dignities, and the prebendaries holding them , were called dignitaries. In the middle ages | all members of a chapter were titular canons, and all titular canons were prebendaries. Af- ter the reformation, in the church of England, prebends attached to the cure of souls were given to priests who were not canons. At present all members of English chapters are styled canons and are provided with prebends. Honorary canons, free from the obligations of residence and office, are not prebendaries. PREBLE, a S. W. county of Ohio, bordering on Indiana, and drained by Franklin, Four Mile, and St. Clair creeks, tributaries of the Great Miami; area, 422 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 21,809. The surface is nearly level and the soil very fertile. It is intersected by several rail- roads connecting with Cincinnati, Dayton, and other points. The chief productions in 1870 were 700,475 bushels of wheat, 973,686 of In- dian corn, 298,315 of oats, 32,497 of barley, 60,664 of potatoes, 24,486 of flax seed, 7,978 tons of hay, 23,900 Ibs. of flax, 36,119 of wool, 507,313 of butter, 22,299 of maple sugar, and 36,039 gallons of sorghum molasses. There were 7,297 horses, 6,309 milch cows, 7,914 other cattle, 10,199 sheep, and 28,839 swine ; 10 flour, 20 lumber, and 2 woollen mills. Cap- ital, Eaton. PREBLE, Edward, an American naval officer, born at Falmouth Neck, the site of the present city of Portland, Me., Aug. 15, 1761, died in Portland, Aug. 25, 1807. He sailed in a pri- vateer in 1777, and in 1779 entered the pro- vincial marine of Massachusetts as a midship- man. He was in the action between the Pro- tector and the English privateer General Duff, and was afterward captured and confined on board the prison ship Jersey in the harbor of New York. On being liberated, he joined the Massachusetts vessel of war Winthrop, on which he remained till 1782, distinguishing himself by boarding with 14 men an English armed brig lying off Castine, and carrying her out under the fire of an English battery. After the return of peace he was 15 years in the mer- chant service. In 1799 he was commissioned a lieutenant in the navy, and took command of the Pickering, one of the squadron stationed at the Windward islands. In June of the same year he was made captain, and appointed to command the Essex, in which he convoyed home from Batavia a fleet of 14 merchant vessels. In 1803 he received command of the squadron sent against Tripoli, his flag ship be- ing the Constitution. Anchoring at Tangiers with a part of his squadron in October, he opened negotiations by which he averted a war with Morocco. On Nov. 12 he declared the blockade of Tripoli. The Philadelphia, 38 guns, under Capt. Bainbridge, had been run upon the rocks and captured by the Tripoli- tans, but was destroyed at her anchorage in the harbor by Lieut. Decatur (see DEOATTTK, STEPHEN), Feb. 16, 1804. On July 25 Preble was before Tripoli with 15 sail, including 8 small vessels borrowed of the Neapolitan gov- ernment. His first attack was made, Aug. 3, upon the enemy's gunboats, protected by bat- teries on shore. He captured three of the largest by boarding, and sunk three others, and withdrew after a fight of three hours. On the 7th another attack was made, but with less suc- cess, as the Tripolitans kept close within the harbor. One of Preble's gunboats was sunk. Another general attack was made on the 28th, when 13 Tripolitan gunboats and galleys were closely engaged with the 8 American boats. One of the Tripolitan boats was sunk and two