Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIII.djvu/742

 722 PORTAGE PORTER and the Atlantic and Great "Western railroads. The chief productions in 1870 were 185,257 bushels of wheat, 356,953 of Indian corn, 426,- 814 of oats, 33,635 of barley, 263,449 of pota- toes, 43,859 tons of hay, 200,308 Ibs. of wool, 807,636 of butter, 714,718 of cheese, 1,888,400 of flax, and 236,753 of maple sugar. There were 6,373 horses, 17,135 milch cows, 9,561 other cattle, 45,386 sheep, and 6,421 swine; 23 manufactories of cheese, 2 of dressed flax, 3 flour mills, 25 saw mills, and 10 tanneries. Capital, Ravenna. II. A central county of Wisconsin, intersected by Wisconsin river and drained by several of its branches; area, 792 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 10,634. It contains ex- tensive pine forests, from which large quanti- ties of lumber are rafted down the river. It is intersected by the Green Bay and Lake Pepin and the Wisconsin Central railroads. The chief productions in 1870 were 213,467 bushels of wheat, 58,657 of rye, 63,909 of In- dian corn, 153,294 of oats, 112,707 of pota- toes, 9,784 tons of hay, 25,911 Ibs. of wool, 198,693 of butter, and 80,050 of hops. There were 1,427 horses, 3,024 milch cows, 1,663 working oxen, 3,035 other cattle, 8,542 sheep, and 3,608 swine ; 1 flour mill, and 22 saw mills. Capital, Steven's Point. PORTAGE, a city and the capital of Columbia co., Wisconsin, at the head of navigation on the Wisconsin river, and on the canal connect- ing the Fox and Wisconsin, at the junction of three divisions of the Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad, 32 m. N. of Madison and 85 m. W. N. W. of Milwaukee; pop. in 1870, 3,945. It has considerable trade with the surrounding country, and contains six boot and shoe fac- tories, a foundery and machine shop, repair shops of the railroad, a tannery, two breweries, four carriage and wagon factories, a flouring mill, and a planing mill, water power being furnished by the canal. There are two banks, seven hotels, a fine court house and jail, a high school and three other school houses, two weekly newspapers, and eight churches. PORTALIS, Jean Etienne Marie, a French states- man, born at Beausset, Provence, April 1, 1745, died in Paris, A.ug. 25, 1807. He was an advocate at Aix, published a celebrated memo- rial " On the Validity of Protestant Marriages in France " (1770), and successfully conducted famous suits against Mirabeau and Beaumar- chais. Having gone to Paris in the beginning of 1794, he was imprisoned till the death of Robespierre, and in 1795 was elected to the council of ancients. He was proscribed by the directory in 1797, and fled to Switzerland and thence to Holstein, returning to France in 1800, when he was appointed successively a member of the commission for drawing up the new civil code and a councillor of state. In 1801 he was appointed director of public worship, and was chiefly instrumental in drawing up the concordat and the organic articles, and in organizing the remodelled French church. He was made a senator in 1803, and designated as one of the five members of the institute repre- senting the French academy. In 1804 he was appointed minister of the interior and pub- lic worship. A treatise by him on the philos- ophy of the 18th century and two collections of his public papers have been published. His son, Count JOSEPH MARIE (1778-1858), was minister plenipotentiary at Ratisbon in 1804, minister of the interior ad interim in 1807, councillor of state in 1808, and director gen- eral of the press in 1810, was banished in 1811 but recalled in 1813, and made president of the imperial court of Angers. He became am- bassador in Rome in 1818, a peer of France in 1819, minister of justice in 1828 and of foreign affairs in 1829, and in the same year president of the court of cassation. Under Louis Phi- lippe he was vice president of the house of peers, and under Napoleon III. a senator. PORT-AU-PRINCE, a city, capital of the republic of Hayti, at the head of the bay of Gonaives, on the W. coast of the island; lat. 18 33' N., Ion. 72 21' W. ; pop. about 21,000. The town is on a rising ground. The streets, though generally wide, are ill paved and very filthy, and the houses, mostly built of wood, are gen- erally dilapidated. Among the public edifices are the president's residence, the senate house, a church, the custom house, mint, and hospital. There are also a lyceum, a college, and a few schools. The surrounding country is for the most part marshy. Notwithstanding the ex- tent and beauty of the bay of Gonaives, the roadstead of Port-au-Prince is small and shal- low, and vessels drawing over 10 ft. of water are in danger of dragging on the muddy bot- tom. There is a monthly steam service to New York, and a very active coasting trade. Coffee, cacao, cotton, logwood, fustic, ma- hogany, tobacco, wax, tortoise shell, hides, molasses, and rum are exported. The climate is hot, moist, and unhealthy for foreigners; the mean annual temperature is 81 F., and the extremes 63 and 104. Port au-Prince, sometimes called Port Republican, was founded in 1749. It has suffered from earthquakes, especially those of 1751, 1770, and 1842, when the city was almost completely razed. Dis- astrous fires are common ; that of January, 1843, destroyed one third of the houses. PORT ELIZABETH, a free port of Cape Colo- ny, S. Africa, in the district of Uitenhage, on the W. shore of Algoa bay, 400 m. E. of Cape Town ; pop. about 10,000. Next to Cape Town it is the principal port, and has an arsenal and several churches. Its chief trade is with Great Britain, and to a small extent with the United States, particularly with Boston ; the chief imports are tobacco, provisions, flour, shoes, farming implements, some cotton goods, and other manufactured articles. PORTER, a kind of malt liquor. See BREW- IXG. PORTER, a N. W. county of Indiana, bor- dered N. by Lake Michigan and S. by the Kan- kakee river, and drained by Calumet river and