Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIII.djvu/553

 PIPESTONE PIQUET 537 pectorals and anal; it is found from Massa- chusetts to the coast of Brazil. The tobacco- pipe fish (F. tabacaria, Bloch), also American, is smaller, brownish with a row of pale spots, with the abdomen white in the middle, and the orbits spiny. In centriscus (Linn.) there is the tubular snout, but the body is oval and com- pressed, trenchant on the abdomen ; there is a spinous dorsal very far back, with a strong first spine, and a soft dorsal behind it ; the body is covered with small scales. The C. scolopax (Linn.), called sea snipe and trumpet fish, is common in the Mediterranean ; it is 4 or 5 in. long, reddish on the back and sides, and silvery on the belly, sometimes with a golden tinge ; its flesh is delicate and esteemed. The food of all these fishes consists of minute crustaceans and other marine animals. PIPESTONE, a S. W. county of Minnesota, drained by tributaries of the Big Sioux and Minnesota rivers ; area, 432 sq. m. The popu- lation was not returned in the census of 1870. The surface consists of rolling prairies. PIPPI. See GIULIO ROMANO. PIPSISSEWA. See CHIMAPHILA. PIQUA, a city of Miami co., Ohio, on the W. bank of the Great Miami river, here crossed by three bridges, and on the Miami canal and the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton, and the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and St. Louis railroads, 73 m. "W. by N. of Columbus, and 88 m. N. by E. of Cincinnati; pop. in 1850, 3,277; in 1860, 4,616; in 1870, 5,967; in 1875, about 8,000. The river here makes a bend, leaving a level plateau between the city and the water's edge, while on the opposite side the bank rises boldly. The city is regularly laid out with wide streets. Holly water works are in course of construction. A large business is carried on with the surrounding country, which is rich in agricultural products. Water power is sup- plied by the canal, and considerable manufac- turing is carried on, the principal establish- ments being car shops, agricultural works, woollen mills, founderies, &c. There are two national banks, with a joint capital of $300,000 ; graded public schools, including a high school ; three weekly newspapers, and 14 churches. PIQUET, a game played by two persons with 32 cards, eight of each suit, from ace to seven inclusive. The cards rank as in whist. He who cuts the lowest piquet card deals, after his adversary has cut, two by two, until each party has 12 cards. The remaining eight are " the stock," which are placed in one pile be- tween the players. The elder hand then makes his discard. He must discard at least one, and may discard five, replacing the number dis- carded from the stock. Until the elder hand has replaced the number of his discarded cards from the stock, the younger hand must not touch any of the stock cards. He may then discard from his own hand as many as there remain of the stock, and take all of the stock cards left. But this is optional ; he need not take any, or may take a part only. If the elder hand takes from the stock fewer than five cards, he may look at those which he leaves, but he cannot look at the three cards of the stock reserved for the younger hand. Should the dealer leave any cards in the stock, he has a right to look at them ; and if he does so, the elder hand may look at them also after he has played ; but if the dealer does not look at them, neither may the elder hand do so. The score is composed of the point, the se- quence, the quatorze, the cards, and the capot. 1. The point counts first. Before playing, the elder hand announces the greatest number of cards of the same suit in his hand as his point, and counts as many as he has cards, one for each. But if the younger hand has a greater number of cards of one suit, the point counts for him. If each player has an equal num- ber, then the value of the cards is ascertained, viz. : ace, 11 ; king, queen, knave, and ten, each 10 ; and the remainder according to their pips ; and the point is counted in favor of the hand of greatest value ; or if both are of equal value, the point is " paid " and counts for neither. 2. The sequence consists of at least three cards of the same suit, following con- secutively, as ace, king, queen, or seven, eight, nine, &c. There are six sequences: a tierce or sequence of three, counting 3 ; a quart, counting 4; a quint, counting 15; a seizieme, counting 16 ; a septieme, counting 17 ; a hui- tieme, or the whole suit, counting 18. The player holding the highest sequence counts it, and all other sequences in his hand, to the ex- clusion of all sequences held by his adversary. If the highest sequence in one hand is of the same value as that held by the adversary, no sequences held by either can be counted, but one sequence is valued, as against another, ac- cording to the rank of the cards of which it is composed, one composed of king, queen, and knave being superior to another composed of queen, knave, ten, &c. 8. The quatorze is the holding of four aces, kings, queens, knaves, or tens. Whichever player holds the highest quatorze counts 14, to the exclusion of another or others held by his opponent. If neither party has a quatorze, then three of equal value, aces, kings, queens, knaves, or tens, are count- ed by the holder for 3. The party having the superior quatorze or threes counts all inferior ones, to the exclusion of all held by the ad- versary. 4. Two cards, one from each player, form the trick. Each lead, whether the trick be taken or not, counts one, and each trick taken counts one; but if the party leading takes the trick, he counts one only for both. If each party has six tricks, they are " divi- ded;" but the winner of seven or more tricks adds 10 to his score. The last trick counts 2 for the winner. 5. The capot is won by taking all the 12 tricks, and instead of 10 gives 40 to the winner. After the hands are com- pleted, and before playing, the elder hand claims the point, sequence, quatorze, or threes, according to the strength of his hand, and his