Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIII.djvu/534

 518 PIMAS PIN surface consists of plains, valleys, and broken chains of mountains. The greater part is cov- ered with nutritious grasses, and live oak and mezquite abound. The valleys with irrigation I produce two crops a year. Gold, silver, cop- per, and lead are found in the mountains. The j greater portion of this county has been subject to the incursions of the Apaches. The chief productions in 1870 were 27,052 bushels of wheat, 32,011 of Indian corn, 54,997 of barley, and 3,417 of peas and beans. There were 200 horses, 482 milch cows, 786 other cattle, 803 sheep, and 692 swine ; 2 flour mills, 1 brewery, | and 1 saw mill. Capital, Tucson, which is also the capital of the territory. PIMAS, a family of American Indians, inclu- ding the Pimas proper, the Opatas, Eudeves, and Joves, and extending over Arizona, all of Sonora, and part of Sinaloa. The Opatas were the most advanced of these tribes, and showed the greatest aptitude for improvement, adopt- ing white usages readily, and becoming me- chanics. They have always been an agricultu- ral people. They embraced Christianity at an early day and faithfully adhered to it. They still form an important part of the popula- tion of Sonora. The Eudeves and Joves were less advanced. The Pimas proper were divided by the Spaniards into Upper and Lower, and extended down into Sinaloa, a part of the tribe having emigrated thither in order to become Christians. The Pimas call themselves Otama (plural Ohotama). They were always restless, more savage and superstitious than the Opatas, and given to vice and drunkenness. They had a line of kings, the last of whom, Shontarlkor- li, was killed a few years ago by the Apaches. They have settled villages, with about 30 dome- shaped, earth-covered huts in each, and sepa- rate granaries. They irrigate their fields by acequias, and raise and weave cotton, but force their women to do most of the field work, which is not the custom of the Opatas. They buried their dead in a sitting posture, burning their houses and goods. They make an intox- icating drink (thwiri) from the fruit of the cactus. Their pottery is rude, but their baskets are fine. Missions were established among the Pimas at an early period ; but they frequently revolted against the Spaniards, especially in 1757, when the whole nation rose. They killed one Jesuit missionary in 1694, and two in 1751. Toward the end of the last century the Lower Pimas had 14 towns with 6 missions ; the Up- per, 22 towns with 8 missions ; the Opatas, 27 towns ; the Eudeves, 10 towns. The Pimas now within the limits of the United States in Arizona are on a reservation of 64,000 acres, set apart by the executive under the act of Feb. 28, 1859. They have degenerated greatly since the whites from the north entered their country, the men being thieves and the women corrupt. They numbered in 1874 about 4,000, industrious, agricultural, self-supporting, living in houses built by themselves, wearing civil- ized dress, and demanding the rights of citi- zenship ; but their individual title to land has never been recognized. In the division of agencies the Pimas and Maricopas, who are on the same reservation, were assigned to the Reformed church, which appoints the agent, but has done little missionary work. A gram- mar of the Pima or Nevome was published in New York in 1862, and a grammatical sketch of the Heve language in 1861. PIMENTO. See ALLSPICE. PIMOS. See PIMAS. PD1PERNEL, a name of doubtful origin, ap- plied in England to two or three different plants, but in this country used only for ana- gallic arvensis, which is also the common pimpernel of England. The plant belongs to the primrose family, and is a low, spreading, much-branched annual, with stems about a foot long ; opposite, broadly ovate leaves ; and opposite, solitary, axillary flowers, on pedicels which are longer than the leaves and recurved Pimpernel (Anagallis arsensis). after flowering; the corolla is wheel-shaped, five-parted ; the many-seeded pod opens by a circular fissure, the top falling off like a lid ; the usual color of the flower is scarlet, some- times pink, white, and even blue. It is from Europe, and in the older parts of this country grows in sandy fields and sometimes in gar- dens; it occurs in most parts of the globe. As the flowers close at the approach of bad weather, it is known in England as the "poor man's weather glass." A blue-flowered form is sometimes cultivated, and other species, such as A. fruticosa and A. Monelli, have given rise to hybrids which are brilliant garden flowers, remaining expanded without sunshine. PIN, a bit of wire, sharp at one end and headed at the other, used chiefly in the toilet for temporarily securing portions of the dress, and generally by seamstresses and tailors for fastening their work together. The need of little utensils of this sort has been met from ancient times by various devices. The pins mentioned in the Bible for fastening the hang-