Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIII.djvu/533

 PILOT KNOB the side of the tail, the dorsal composed of isolated spines, and the ventrals under the pec- torals ; the head is compressed, the teeth thin and crowded on the jaws and palate, arid the branchiostegal rays seven ; some free spines in front of the dorsal and anal fins. There are PIMA 517 Pilot Fish (Naucrates ductor). four species, of which the best known is the JV. ductor (Raf.), the famous pilot fish of nav- igators ; it is about a foot long, shaped like a mackerel, of a silvery gray color, bluish on the back, with five dark blue bands encircling the body. This species attends vessels for long dis- tances, for the sake of the bits of food thrown overboard ; this may account for its strange fellowship with the sharks ; they seem to be on good terms with each other, but probably have a common object in view, the obtaining of food, the smaller being too nimble for the greater. It inhabits the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, following vessels into the tropics and even to the coasts of America ; its flesh is said to be very good. It was held sacred by the ancients, from the belief that it led vessels in their proper course and through dangerous passages. On the American coast is described the N. Noveboracensis (Guv.), with four trans- verse bands and four spines before the dorsal. PILOT KNOB. See IRON MOUNTAIN. PILOT MOUNTAIN. See ARARAT. PILOTY, Karl Theodor von, a German painter, born in Munich, Oct. 1, 1826. He studied in Munich, Paris, Brussels, Rome, and London, became known by his " Establishment of the Catholic League" (1853), "Seni and the Re- mains of Wallenstein" (1855), " Wallenstein's Assassination" (1858), and "Nero among the Ruins of Rome" (1861). Among his later works are "The Death of Caesar," "The Tri- umphal March of Germanicus," " Henry VIII. sentencing Anne Boleyn to Death," and his fresco representing a German legendary hero (1875). He has been professor at the academy for about 20 years, and on the death of Kaul- bach in 1874 he succeeded him as president. His younger brother FERDINAND, a genre and historical painter, has executed frescoes for the Bavarian national museum at Munich. PILPAY. See BIDPAY. PILS, Isidore Alexandra Angostfn, a French paint- er, born in Paris, July 19, 1813. He studied under Picot and at the school of fine arts, and in 1838 won the great prize of Rome. His productions comprise "St. Peter healing the Lame at the Gate of the Temple," "Christ preaching in Simon's Boat," " Death of St. Mary Magdalen," and "Battle of the Alma'' (1861). In 1863 he became professor of paint- ing at the school of fine arts, and in 1868 he succeeded Picot as member of the academy. PILSEN (Boh. Plzen a city of Bohemia, situated where the Mies, Badbusa, and Uslawa unite to form the Beraun, 52 m. S. W. of Prague, on the West-Bohemian railway ; pop. in 1870, 23,681. Among its buildings the chief is the deanery church of St. Bartholomew, a beautiful Gothic edifice of the 13th century ; among its public institutions are a lyceum of high class, a theatre, and three hospitals. There are a Franciscan monastery, a convent of Premonstratensians, and several religious schools. Woollens, leather, watches, musical instruments, and iron wire are among the chief manufactures, and iron, coal, and alum are mined near by. Until a recent period Pilsen was called Neu-Pilsen, the little village of Alt- Pilsen, about 5 m. S. E., having sent out the founders of the present town about 1250. Alt- Pilsen is now called Pilsenetz. During the thirty years' war Pilsen was for a time the headquarters of Wallenstein. In the summer of 1866 it was occupied by a Prussian garri- son. It is strongly fortified. PIM, Bedford Capperton Trevylian, an English naval officer, born at Bideford, Devonshire, June 12, 1826. He began his career in the mercantile navy, and was subsequently em- ployed in the naval surveying service. He made a voyage round the world in 1845-'51, was engaged in the search for Sir John Frank- lin, saved the crew of the Investigator, and was the first who ever succeeded in going overland from the E. to the W. side of the northwest passage. After serving in the Crimean war, and in China, where he was severely wounded, he engaged in efforts for the construction of a railroad across Nicaragua. He has published "The Gate of the Pacific" (London, 1863), and, in conjunction with Berthold Seemann, " Dottings on the Roadside in Panama, Nica- ragua, and Mosquito " (1869). PIMA, the S. E. county of Arizona, bounded N. by the Gila river, E. by New Mexico, and S. by Mexico, and intersected in the E. portion by the Rio San Pedro and Rio San Domingo, tributaries of the Gila, and by the Santa Cruz river ; area, about 20,000 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 5,716. The portion of the county W. of Tuc- son and S. of the Gila valley is uninhabited, except by the Papago Indians, who occupy a reservation near the Mexican border. This region consists of plains interspersed with broken or detached chains of mountains, and is covered with grass a part of the year, and considerable portions of it with mezquite, but it is deficient in water. The valley of the Gila, with irrigation, is very productive, and por- tions of it in this county are from 5 to 10 m. wide. The Maricopa and Pima Indians occupy a reservation 25 m. long in this valley, W. of the centre of the county. E. of Tucson the