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 PICHINOHA PICKENS 497 and a few days later Pichegru was found stran- gled in his cell. PICHINCHA. See ECUADOR. PICHLER, Aloys, a German author, born at Burgkirchen, Bavaria, in 1833, died at Siegs- dorf, June 3, 1874. He studied at Munich, was ordained a priest in 1859, and was profes- sor at Munich from 1862 to 1869, when he became director of the imperial library at St. Petersburg. He was accused in 1871 of pur- loining books from it, and banished to Sibe- ria, but was pardoned and returned to Germa- ny. He published GescMcJite der kirchlichen Trennung zwischen dem Orient und Occident (2 vols., Munich, 1864), and Die Theologie des Leibniz (2 vols., 1869-"TO). PICHLER, Karoline von, a German novelist, born in Vienna, Sept. 7, 1769, died there, July 9, 1843. She was a daughter of the council- lor Von Greiner, and in 1796 married Andreas von Pichler. Her complete works comprise 60 volumes (Vienna, 1820-4:5), besides her Denkwurdigkeiten aus meinem Leben (4 vols., 1844). Her novels had a wide circulation, es- pecially Agatholdes and Frauenwurde (1808). Her best known dramas were Germanicus and Heinrich von Hohenstaufen (1813). PICHON, Pierre Augnste, a French painter, born at Sorreze, Tarn, Dec. 6, 1805. He studied under Ingres, and became known as a painter of portraits and of historical and religious sub- jects. Among the latter are his " Commu- nion," for the cathedral of Amiens, and "St. Memmie Resuscitating a Child," for the gov- ernment. His more recent productions com- prise " Reception at Windsor by King Richard II." (1866), "The Immaculate Conception" (1868), " The Annunciation " (1869), and fine frescoes for prominent churches of Paris. PICRAWAY, a S. central county of Ohio, in- tersected by the Scioto river, and drained by Darby, Deer, and Walnut creeks ; area, about 500 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 24,875. It has a level surface and a very fertile soil. It is in- tersected by the Ohio canal, and by the Cin- cinnati and Muskingum Valley railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 445,346 bushels of wheat, 2,867,598 of Indian corn, 95,008 of oats, 72,654 of potatoes, 301,290 Ibs. of butter, 80,392 of wool, and 11,399 tons of hay. There were 10,285 horses, 6,491 milch cows, 16,687 other cattle, 24,628 sheep, and 54,288 swine ; 4 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 1 of engines and boilers, 7 saw mills, 7 flour mills, 1 distillery, 1 tannery, and 1 currying establish- ment. Capital, Circleville. PICKENS. I. A K W. county of South Carolina, bordering on North Carolina, bound- ed N. E. by the Saluda and S. W. by the Keo- wee; area, about 500 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 10,269, of whom 2,538 were colored. Its sur- face is uneven, the Blue Ridge extending along the N. border. Much of the soil is fertile. The Blue Ridge railroad touches the S. W. cor- ner. The chief productions in 1870 were 20,- 930 bushels of wheat, 214,759 of Indian corn, 13,523 of sweet potatoes, 55,676 Ibs. of butter, and 489 bales of cotton. There were 1,170 horses, 1,819 milch cows, 2,867 other cattle, 4,812 sheep, and 8,500 swine. Capital, Pick- ens Court House. II. A N. county of Georgia, drained by affluents of the Etowah and Coosa- wattee rivers ; area, about 350 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 5,317, of whom 129 were colored. The surface is elevated and mountainous ; the soil of the valleys is fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 25,269 bushels of wheat, 191,447 of Indian corn, 13,816 of sweet potatoes, 46,- 914 Ibs. of butter, 20,285 of tobacco, and 14,- 739 bales of cotton. There were 495 horses, 1,271 milch cows, 2,060 other cattle, 4,168 sheep, and 6,828 swine. Capital, Jasper. III. A W. county of Alabama, bordering on Mis- sissippi, and drained by the Tombigbee and its branches ; area, about 1,050 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 17,690, of whom 9,638 were colored. Its surface is uneven, and the soil generally fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 5,214 bushels of wheat, 254,251 of Indian corn, 19,662 of sweet potatoes, and 8,263 bales of cotton. There were 1,125 horses, 1,546 mules and asses, 6,502 cattle, 4,055 sheep, and 8,339 swine. Capital, Carrollton. PICKENS. I. Andrew, an American general, born at Paxton, Bucks co., Pa., Sept. 13, 1739, died at Tomassee, Pendleton district, S. C., Aug. 17, 1817. His family removed to South Carolina in his boyhood. In 1761 he served as a volunteer in the expedition led by Col. Grant against the Cherokees ; and at the out- break of the revolution he was made a captain of militia, and rose to the rank of brigadier general. . With Marion and Sumter he kept the field at the head of a partisan corps after the state had been overrun by the British. In February, 1779, he defeated a party of 700 loyalists at Kettle creek, and he was at the battle of Stono the same year. At the battle of Cowpens, Jan. 17, 1781, he commanded the militia. For his conduct on this occasion con- gress voted him a sword. In June he took the British forts at Augusta, Ga., after a siege of two weeks. At the battle of Eutaw Springs he led a brigade of the South Carolina militia. He led a successful expedition against the Cherokees in 1782, and was subsequently en- gaged in the negotiation of treaties with the Indians. He was elected to the legislature, and to the convention by which the constitu- tion of the state was adopted. In 1794 he was chose~n a member of congress; subsequently served again in the state legislature; and in 1801 retired from public life. II. Francis W., an American statesman, grandson of the pre- ceding, and son of Gov. Andrew Pickens, born in Toogadoo, St. Paul's parish, S. C., April 7, 1807, died in Edgefield, Jan. 25, 1869. He studied law, and commenced practice in Edge- field district. In 1832 he was elected to the legislature, and as chairman of a sub-commit- tee made a report denying the sovereign au- thority of congress. He was a member of