Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIII.djvu/463

 PHLEBITIS PHLOX 449 appointed captain -general and governor-in- chief of the province in 1692. In 1694 he was summoned to England to answer complaints which had been brought against him ; but he suddenly died there. He is eulogized by Cot- ton Mather, with whom he cooperated in the witchcraft delusion ; but his' last act as gov- ernor was to issue a general pardon to all con- victed or accused of this offence. See "Life of Sir William Phips," by Francis Bo wen, in Sparks's " American Biography," vol. vii. PHLEBITIS (Gr. ^ty, <j)'Ae(36e, a vein), inflam- mation of the veins. It was first noticed by John Hunter in 1784 ; numerous isolated cases were soon after published, and in the early part of this century the disease was fully illus- trated by French pathologists. Phlebitis is of two kinds, adhesive and suppurative. Adhe- sive phlebitis is a local disease, marked by a dull pain in the part, by swelling, hardness, and tenderness of the affected vein, and, when this is a main venous trunk, by oedema of the parts whose blood is returned by it ; phlegma- sia dolens is thus properly a phlebitis. Fibri- nous clots are formed adhering to the walls of the vein ; but after a time the adhesions be- come loosened, the clots are absorbed, and the circulation through the vein is restored. The disease, except where the blocking up of a main trunk may cause embarrassment to the circulation, is not serious ; rest and the appli- cation of a few leeches along the course of the vein will cure it. In suppurative phlebitis the local symptoms are often little marked, while the general symptoms are of the gravest charac- ter. It ordinarily commences by a marked chill, repeated at irregular intervals, in some cases several times a day, throughout the dis- ease. The chills are followed by heat of skin and great frequency of pulse, terminating gen- erally in a profuse sweat. The appetite is to- tally lost, the tongue is red and dry, sometimes sordes of the teeth and mouth are present, and sometimes there is copious and offensive diar- rhoea. Abscesses may make their appearance, or one or more of the joints may become dis- tended with pus. After death pus is often found in the veins, with multiple abscesses in the parenchyma of the lungs or liver. The disease is almost necessarily fatal. The system of the patient should be supported by appro- priate food, quinine, and stimulants. PHLEBOTOMY. See BLOODLETTING. PHLEGMASIA DOLENS. See MILK LEG. PHLIUS, an ancient independent city in N". E. Peloponnesus. Its territory, Phliasia, was bounded N. by Sicyonia, E. by Cleonae, S. by Argolis, and W. by Arcadia, and consisted of a small valley, 900 ft. above the sea, enclosed by mountains. The river Asopus flows through the middle of the plain. Phlius was a Doric state, and usually governed by an aristocracy, although once subject to the tyrant Leon, a contemporary of Pythagoras. It sent 200 sol- diers to Thermopylae and 1,000 to Plataea, and during the Peloponnesian war was the faithful ally of Sparta. Afterward a division arose in the city, and the friends of the Lacedaemonians were banished ; but in 393 B. C. the Phliasians received from Iphicrates so severe a defeat that they were forced to admit a Lacedaemonian garrison for their defence. In 380 and 379 Phlius sustained from Agesilaus, at the head of a Spartan army, a siege of one year and eight months. Having surrendered, it remained faithful to Sparta during the Theban war, was governed by tyrants after the death of Alex- ander, and subsequently joined the Achaean league. In antiquity the wine of Phlius was famous. The ruins of the city, near the village of St. George, are of considerable extent, but present little more than the foundations. In the present kingdom of Greece Phliasia forms part of the eparchy of Corinth, in the nom- archy of Argolis and Corinthia. PHLOGISTON. See CHEMISTRY, vol. iv., p. 360. PHLOX (Gr. 0Xdf, flame, the ancient name for lychnis, applied to these plants by Linnaeus), an exclusively North American genus of plants, including several highly ornamental species. It belongs to the small family of polemoniacece, and comprises annual and perennial herbs, with opposite sessile and entire leaves, and flowers in cymose clusters, terminal or in the axils of the upper leaves; the narrow five- toothed calyx is plaited or angled ; the salver- shaped corolla has a long slender tube, and a flat, spreading, five-lobed limb, twisted in the bud; the five short and unequally inserted stamens are included in the tube ; ovary three- celled, ripening into a pod with a single seed in each cell. The only annual species in culti- vation is Drummond's phlox (P. Drummondii), Drummond's Phlox (Phlox Drummondii). named in honor of the distinguished botanical collector who sent it from Texas in 1835, and whose prediction in regard to its future popu- larity has been more than fulfilled, as there is no other annual so generally cultivated in the flower garden. The plant in its wild state is