Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIII.djvu/285

Rh {|align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" rules="cols" style="text-align: right; font-size: smaller"
 * colspan="3"|
 * align="center"|YEARS.
 * align="center"|Annual rate.
 * align="center"|Amount paid.
 * align="left"|1861
 * $957,772 08
 * $1,089,218 75
 * align="left"|1862
 * 752,711 71
 * 790,819 94
 * align="left"|1863
 * 1,371,169 43
 * 1,044,364 47
 * align="left"|1864
 * 4,595,376 33
 * 4,521,622 18
 * align="left"|1865
 * 8,023,445 43
 * 8,542,885 27
 * align="left"|1866
 * 11,674,474 81
 * 13,250,980 17
 * align="left"|1867
 * 16,178,031 45
 * 18,681,711 79
 * align="left"|1868
 * 19,224,183 95
 * 24,079,403 18
 * align="left"|1869
 * 21,305,484 57
 * 28,445,089 09
 * align="left"|1870
 * 22,260,200 10
 * 27,780,811 81
 * align="left"|1871
 * 22,806,994 29
 * 33,077,383 63
 * align="left"|1872
 * 25,480,578 80
 * 30,169,341 00
 * align="left"|1873
 * 26,259,284 23
 * 29,185,289 62
 * align="left"|1874
 * 26,244,786 46
 * 30,593,749 56
 * colspan="3"|
 * }
 * 27,780,811 81
 * align="left"|1871
 * 22,806,994 29
 * 33,077,383 63
 * align="left"|1872
 * 25,480,578 80
 * 30,169,341 00
 * align="left"|1873
 * 26,259,284 23
 * 29,185,289 62
 * align="left"|1874
 * 26,244,786 46
 * 30,593,749 56
 * colspan="3"|
 * }
 * 26,244,786 46
 * 30,593,749 56
 * colspan="3"|
 * }
 * }

The appropriation for the year ending June 30, 1875, was $29,980,000.—In Great Britain military and naval pensions are awarded for distinguished services, for long service, for wounds, and for disability incurred in the service. There are also superannuation allowances, pensions to needy widows, and compassionate allowances to orphan children. The amounts paid to army officers as rewards for distinguished services are, with few exceptions, £100 each; in the navy flag officers receive £300 annually and captains £150. Victoria cross pensions, which belong in this class, amount to £10 yearly. In 1874 there were 86 in the army and 18 in the navy who had received this decoration. Pensions for long service are given to non-commissioned officers and privates in the army, who have served 21 years in the infantry or 24 years in the cavalry, or sooner in cases of disability from wounds, loss of health, &c.; and to petty officers, seamen, and marines in the navy, under similar circumstances. Army pensioners of this class are either in-pensioners or out-pensioners of Chelsea or Kilmainham (Dublin) hospitals. In-pensioners have their home in the hospitals, and receive board, lodging, and tobacco money in lieu of their proper pensions; out-pensioners draw their money, amounting to from 1½d. to 3s. 10d. a day, from the staff officers of pensioners, one of whom is established in every large town, and live where they please. Navy in-pensioners are supported at Greenwich hospital, and the out-pensioners draw their pensions from the military staff officers, and also live where they please. Able-bodied pensioners are allowed to enlist in a defensive corps called the “enrolled pensioners,” and draw pay during the yearly training. Pensions for wounds are limited to officers, and vary according to rank. They are sometimes granted temporarily when the injury is not permanent. Officers are retired on full pay or half pay, according to circumstances. In 1874 there were 370 of the former and 1,924 of the latter in the army list; and in the navy, 601 officers on the active list, 214 on the reserved list, 2,360 on the retired list, and 216 marine officers who were paid according to their respective positions. The militia, yeomanry, and volunteers also receive pensions under certain circumstances. The British army estimates for 1874-'5 provide for the following pensions:

The naval estimates for the same time provide as follows for pensions:

To this must be added the civil service estimates, for which, in the budget of 1874-'5, £528,196 were appropriated. Of this amount, £430,957 is for superannuation and retired allowances. Large pensions are attached to various political positions in Great Britain. Retired lord chancellors receive £5,000 per annum; and members of the cabinet and secretaries draw yearly pensions of from £2,000 to £1,000. Many authors, artists, men of science, and other classes, also receive annual pensions from the government.—In France pensions are awarded to civil, military, and naval officers, to ecclesiastics, and to those distinguished in literature, science, and the arts. Pensions called national recompenses are granted by legislative vote for distinguished services. In the budget for 1874, 42,400,000 francs were appropriated for civil pensions. In 1870 the amount paid in military pensions was 46,595,498 fr.; the appropriation in the budget of 1874 was 63,000,000 fr., exclusive of 3,668,000 fr. to old soldiers of the republic and the empire. In 1874 pensions to the amount of 36,000 francs were awarded to aged and infirm ecclesiastics. In 1669 pensions were given to men of letters to the amount of 111,550 livres, and in the year III. of the republic 605,500 livres were thus expended. Literary pensions are now generally in the form of some sinecure, or of a national dotation like that voted to Lamartine in 1867. Pensions under the title of national recompense were voted in 1874 to the amount of 428,000 fr. To this sum should be added 225,000 fr. for pensions granted under the empire to the widows or children of high officials, 104,000 fr. for pensions to peers and former senators, 90,000 fr. to the pensioners of the civil lists of Kings Louis XVIII. and Charles X., and 395,500 fr. in pensions and annuities to the employees of the civil list and of the privy household of Louis Philippe.—In the Russian budget for 1873, 24,786,589 rubles were appropriated for pensions, of which 24,367,827 were for permanent and 418,762 for temporary pensions. The empire of Germany in 1874 had a military pension list of 37,996,878 marks; in the same year Prussia paid in civil pensions 13,739,976 marks, Bavaria in pensions to widows and orphans 1,689,771 marks, and Baden in unspecified pensions