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 266 PENNSYLVANIA NAME OF INSTITUTION. Ordinary ap- propriations. Total appro- priations. 1 Corporate. State. Eastern state penitentiary $27,500 24,850 85,000 85,000 $23,500 44,350 58,000 135,000 100,000 Western state penitentiary State lunatic hospital, Harrisburg. Danville hospital 'Hospital for insane. Dixmont German hospital Philadelphia. . . . $122,850 $365,850 $27,000 $37,000 20,000 10,000 5,000 35.000 119,500 28,000 50,416 56,700 2,000 6,000 2,000 5,000 Lackawanna hospital, Scranton. . . Wilkesbarre hospital 6,000 5,000 85,000 19,500 23,000 89,000 56,700 2,000 5.000 2,000 5,000 House of refuge, Philadelphia Reform school, Allegheny Pennsylvania training school for the feeble-minded Pennsylvania institution for blind. Pennsylvania institution for deaf Home for deaf mutes, Pittsburgh- Sheltering Arms, Pittsburgh Industrial home for blind women. Northern home for friendless chil- dren Philadelphia. Aggregate. $225,200 $647,550 $370,616 $736,466 Of the numerous institutions for the defective and dependent classes, the state owns the two penitentiaries and the hospitals for the insane in Harrisburg, Danville, and Warren, and an- nually contributes to the support of several private charitable corporations. The western penitentiary in Allegheny, opened in 1827, had during 1874 a total of 606 inmates, and 417 at the close of the year, Sept. 30. It was for- merly conducted on the " separate " or cellular system. Weaving and cigar making are car- ried on in behalf of the state, and shoe making by contract. Convicts may acquire extra earn- ings. The cost of the institution in 1873 was $88,038, of which $24,350 was for salaries and $51,625 for other current expenses. The total income, besides state appropriations, was $69,- 054, that from weaving, cigar making, and shoe making amounting to $11,802. Secular instruction is given to the illiterate ; the library contains 3,000 volumes. The eastern peniten- tiary in Philadelphia was opened in 1829. It is noted as being the only penal institution in the United States in which the separate- sys- tem now exists. (See PEISONS.) The convicts are confined in separate cells (560 in number), where, except when from lack of room two are put into one cell, and the time devoted to exercise in separate yards, they work and pass their entire time alone. The number of con- victs on Sept. 30, 1874, was 646, of whom 7 were females ; 235 were reported idle. Man- ufacturing is done on account of the state, and consists of cordwaining, weaving, chair making, blacksmithing, cigar making, &c. The earnings of the convicts in 1873 amounted to $26,795, of which $3,175 was allowed to them for extra work. The entire income of the prison, exclusive of state appropriations, was $80,083 ; the amount expended for main- tenance was $111,305, including $27,000 paid for salaries. Pennsylvania has 15 prisons com- bining features of the county jail and the pen- itentiary, intended for criminals sentenced for short terms of labor. The Allegheny county workhouse, erected in 1868, has 400 cells. It is maintained for reformatory as well as indus- trial purposes, and is a source of profit. The total number of convicts in the state on Sept. 30, 1874, was 2,083, or 1 to 1,835 of the esti- mated population (3,821,757), including 1,063 in the two penitentiaries, 143 in the Allegheny workhouse, and 877 in the county jails. This does not include 1,190 in county jails, the workhouse, and house of correction, summarily sentenced by magistrates or justices of the peace, or 449 in jail awaiting trial, and 67 for non-payment of fines, costs, &c. Including these, the whole number of adults in prison Sept. 30, 1874, was 3,789. According to the federal census, the number of persons convicted of crime during the year ending June 1, 1870, was 3,327. Of the total number (3,231) in prison at that date, 2,532 were native and 699 foreign born. Pennsylvania has two reforma- tories for juveniles: the house of refuge in Philadelphia, opened in 1826, and the reform school in Alleghany co., opened in 1854. The former has accommodations for 900, viz. : 500 white boys and 200 girls, and 120 colored boys and 80 girls. There is a separate department for colored children. The average number of inmates during the year* ending Sept. 30, 1874, was 569 '7, whose ages ranged from 5 to 18 years. The average yearly cost, including all current expenses, was $149 90 each, and the net cost, after deducting earnings, was $90 79 each. Boys and girls are committed by courts or magistrates for crimes, incorrigibility, va- grancy, &c. The reform school in 1874 had an average of 284 inmates, among whom were white and colored children of both sexes ; the number at the close of the year, Sept. 30, was 301. New buildings are in process of con- struction for this institution, on a farm of 500 acres at Morganza, Washington co., and are intended for the "family system." They will have accommodations for six families of boys and two of girls, "with 50 children in each family. The number of insane in the state, as reported by the census of 1870, was 3,895; the number receiving treatment on Sept. 30, 1874, was reported at 3,080, viz. : 1,128 in the state hospitals, 1,075 in the Philadelphia alms- house, 425 in the insane department of the Pennsylvania hospital, 90 in the Friends' asy- lum, 1,095 in almshouses, and 157 supported by townships and overseers. Besides these, there were about 40 insane criminals in jails and penitentiaries. Of the entire number 20 per cent, were estimated to be curable. For the care of this class the state will have, with the completion of the institutions at Danville and Warren, hospital accommodations for 3,280, viz. : lunatic hospital, Harrisburg, 400 ; Dan- ville, 600 ; Warren, 600 ; western Pennsylvania hospital, Dixmont, 450; insane department of Pennsylvania hospital, Philadelphia, 470;