Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIII.djvu/186

 176 PAUL OF SAMOSATA organization to insure the permanence and most beneficial working of the enterprise ; and accordingly he placed four young women who had volunteered their services under the charge of Mine. Le Gras, who had been several years employed under his direction in labors for the poor. Such was the origin of the " Sisters of Charity." Their rule was drawn up by degrees in the course of some years, and Vincent lived to see 28 houses of the order established in Paris, besides others in various parts of Eu- rope. The reformation of the hospitals, the es- tablishment of an asylum for foundlings, the in- struction of idiots at his priory of St. Lazarus, and continual labors among the convicts, are the next events which we have to record in his history. During the famine which depopulated Lorraine in 1638-'9 he collected and distributed upward of 2,000,000 livres among the sufferers. He attended Louis XIII. in his last illness, and was appointed by Anne of Austria one of the four members of the " council of conscience " to whom was committed the distribution of ecclesiastical preferments. In the wars of the Fronde he incurred the groundless suspicion of being a favorer of Mazarin, and his convent of St. Lazarus was sacked by a mob. His last labors were the foundation of an asylum for aged artisans of both sexes, and a hospital for all the poor of Paris, which was opened in 1657, a royal edict obliging every beggar in the metropolis either to enter this institution or to work for his living. Between 4,000 and 5,000 chose the former alternative. Vincent was beatified by Benedict XIII. in 1729, and canon- ized by Clement XII. in 1737. See Maynard, Saint Vincent de Paul (4 vols., Paris, 1860). PAUL OF SAMOSATA, a heresiarch of the 3d century. He became patriarch of Antioch in 260, and by extortion and bribery acquired great wealth. He affected extraordinary pomp, caused the hymns of the church to be abol- ished and others sung in praise of himself, and surrounded himself with young and beautiful women who attended him wherever he went. In defiance of the ecclesiastical canons he held the oifice of ducenarius, a sort of procurator- ship under the emperor. He was an especial 1 favorite of Zenobia, the queen of Palmyra, who called him to her court, admired his eloquence, and disputed with him on religion. He taught that there is only one God, who is denomi- nated the Father ; that the Word or Wisdom of God is not a substance or person, but is in the divine mind as reason in men; that Christ was a mere man who acquired this Word or Wisdom of God, becoming by it both God and the Son of God, though both in an improper sense, and gradually acquiring his knowledge and virtues; and that the divine Word .withdrew from him when he suffered. His opinions were condemned in a council held about 264, but he was allowed to retain his see on promise of retracting them. Failing to keep his word, he was again condemned and deposed at.the council of Antioch in 269. The PAULDING favor of Zenobia enabled him to defy this sen- tence until 273, when she was conquered by the emperor Aurelian. The whole matter was now referred to the see of Rome, and Paul, expelled from his church, passed the rest of his life in obscurity. He had a few followers, who called themselves Paulianists. They dis- appear from history about the 5th century. PAULA, St. Francis of. See FEANOIS OF PAULA. PAULCON. See CONSTANTLY FATTLCON. PALLD1NG. L A N. W. county of Georgia, drained by branches of the Chattahoochee, Tallapoosa, and Etowah rivers ; area, about 300 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 7,639, of whom 556 were colored. Its surface is uneven and traversed by elevated ridges; the soil in the valleys is fertile. The productions in 1870 were 29,779 bushels of wheat, 153,132 of Indian corn, 12,- 887 of oats, 12,974 of sweet potatoes, 57,995 Ibs. of butter, and 1,322 bales of cotton. There were 543 horses, 1,378 milch cows, 2,034 other cattle, 2,882 sheep, and 8,990 swine. Capital, Dallas. II. A N. W. county of Ohio, border- ing on Indiana, drained by the Maumee and Auglaize rivers ; area, 432 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 8,544. Its surface is level, covered with forests, and the soil fertile. It is intersected by the Wabash and Erie and the Miami Exten- sion canals, and the Toledo, Wabash, and West- ern railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 56,555 bushels of wheat, 55,499 of In- dian corn, 23,938 of oats, 20,002 of potatoes, 135,131 Ibs. of butter, 19,107 of wool, and 5,740 tons of hay. There were 1,662 horses, 1,693 milch cows, 2,463 other cattle, 5,975 sheep, and 3,898 swine. Capital, Paulding. PAULDING, Hiram, an American naval officer, born in Westchester co., N. Y., Dec. 11, 1797. He is a son of John Paulding, one of the cap - tors of Major Andre. He entered the navy as a midshipman in 1811, and was in the battle of Lake Champlain, for which service he re- ceived a sword from congress. In 1843 he attained the rank of captain, and in 1857, while in command of the home squadron, broke up an expedition against Nicaragua headed by William Walker. The main body of this ex- pedition, commanded by Walker in person, landed at Punta Arenas in the harbor of Grey- town, Nov. 25. Paulding arrived on Dec. 6 in his flag ship the Wabash, and on the 8th landed a force under the command of Capt. Engle, when Walker surrendered with 132 followers, who were disarmed and sent to the United States. Paulding acted on this occasion with- out specific instructions, and his arrest of Walker on foreign soil was not fully approved by the executive. In December, 1860, Nica- ragua presented him with a sword and also offered him a tract of land ; the latter, how- ever, the United States senate did not allow him to receive. In July, 1862, he was made a rear admiral on the retired list. From 1862 to 1866 he was in command of the navy yard at New York, in 1866 was appointed governor of the naval asylum in Philadelphia, and in