Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XIII.djvu/154

 144: PARTY WALL PARTY WALL, in law, a dividing wall be- tween lands of different proprietors, used in common for the support of structures on both sides. At the common law an owner who has occasion to build on the line of his prem- ises has no right to go beyond the exact line of division between himself and his neighbor, unless he has the neighbor's assent so to do. Nor, though he should erect a wall for his own buildings which is capable of being used by the adjoining proprietor, can he compel such proprietor, when he shall build next to it, to pay any portion of the cost of such wall. But on the other hand, the adjoining proprietor has no right to make any use whatever of such wall without the consent of the owner, and the consequence may be the erection of two walls side by side where one would answer all pur- poses. This inconvenience is often obviated by an agreement under which a wall for common use is erected, one half of which is on the land of each proprietor, and the expense is borne and the use shared equally ; or if only one is to build at the time, the wall may be con- structed by him at his own expense, but on the understanding that the other shall pay half the cost when he builds. Under such an agreement each has an easement in the land of the other while the wall stands, and this accom- panies the title in sales and descent. But if the wall is destroyed by decay or accident, the easement is gone unless by deed such a con- tingency is provided for. Repairs to party walls are to be borne equally, but if one has occasion to strengthen or improve them for more extensive buildings than were first cora- templated, he cannot compel the other to di- vide with him this expense. In some states there are statutes regulating rights in party walls, and one may undoubtedly acquire rights by prescription in a wall built by another which he has long been allowed to use for the support of his own structures. PASARGAD E, or Pasargada, the capital of an- cient Persia under Cyrus and Oambyses. Its name is translated by Stephen of Byzantium, "the encampment of all the Persians." Its site is not known. There are some who con- tend that Pasargaflsa and Persepolis were the same place ; others that it was situated to the southeast of Persepolis, at the modern Da- rabgerd or Fasa (which Spiegel prefers) ; and others again that it lay to the northeast of it, near the modern Murgab. (See PERSEPOLIS.) All of these views are more or less sustained by passages of ancient writers, but Murgab has the advantage of possessing many ruins and relics of the time of the ancient Persians. Among these is a tomb called by the natives the tomb of Solomon's mother, but which is supposed by Rawlinson and others to be that of Cyrus. On a square base, composed of im- mense blocks of white marble, that rise in steps, stands a quadrangular chamber, built of blocks of marble 5 ft. thick, shaped at the top into a sloping roof. The chamber seems to have held PASCAL a sarcophagus. Upon pillars near by repeat^ edly occurs the inscription in Persian and Me- dian: "I am Cyrus the Achtemenian." As the monument is of the style in which the Per- sians still build the tombs of women, Oppert is of opinion that it was probably erected by Cyrus, but was the tomb of a woman,' perhaps of Cassandane, mentioned by Herodotus. Pa- sargadse was esteemed by the people for its an- tiquity, and was under the especial protection of the magi. It contained the most ancient royal palace and the treasures. The Persian kings were inaugurated there. The city was the stronghold of a tribe of the same name, the noblest of the three principal tribes of the an- cient Persians'. The Achaemenidse, to whom Cyrus, Darius, and other kings belonged, and who were in fact the royal family of ancient Persia, were a clan of the PasargadaB. They were apparently the direct descendants of the original Persian tribe which emigrated from further east about 1500 B. C., and which as it rose to power imposed its name upon the peo- ple and the country. PASCAGOULA, a river of Mississippi, formed by the junction of the Leaf and Chickasahay in Greene co. It flows southerly through Jackson co. into Mississippi sound, through two mouths, its embouchure forming Pascagoula bay. It is navigable for 100 m. or more by small vessels, which export lumber, turpentine, and other products of the pine forests through which it flows. The name is derived from that of the Pasca-ogoulas ( u Bread-eaters ") or Pas- cagoulas, a tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the vicinity. On the E. mouth of the river is the village of Pascagoula, or East Pascagoula, which has 500 inhabitants and a large hotel, and is much frequented as a summer watering place. There are extensive saw mills in the vi- cinity. The embouchure of Pascagoula river is celebrated for the " mysterious music " which may often be heard there on still summer even- ings. The listener being on the beach, or, yet more favorably, in a boat floating upon the river, a low, plaintive sound is heard, rising and falling like that of an JEolian harp, and seeming to issue from the water. The sounds, which are described as sweet and plaintive, but monotonous, cease as soon as there is any noise or disturbance of the water. The most plausible conjecture in explanation of its ori- gin is that it is occasioned by some species of shell fish or other marine animal. PASCAL, Blaise, a French author, born in Cler- mont, Auvergne, June 19, 1623, died in Paris, Aug. 19, 1662. His father was president of the court of aids in his native city, but sold his office in 1631 and removed to Paris to de- vote himself to the education of his son and two daughters. He directed the studies of the son to languages and general literature, avoid- ing everything connected with the exact sci- ences. But without assistance, and ignorant of the very rudiments of mathematics, the boy secretly applied himself to drawing and reflect-