Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XII.djvu/755

 OUDENARDE OUNCE king's son and brother, visited England, and was received with great kindness by Queen Victoria. She remained in the country for some time urging her claims for redress, but without avail, and finally died in Paris in 1858. The talookdars of Oude felt much aggrieved by the regulations of the East India company respecting the tenure of property, and the population in fact never voluntarily submit- ted to the change of rulers. Hence, when the sepoy mutiny broke out in 1857, the rising in Oude was not confined to the soldiers, but be- came a popular war for independence. The rebel sepoys concentrated about Lucknow, while the talookdars held themselves in a state of insurrection throughout the province, armed their retainers, and threw themselves into their forts, whence the British frequently could not dislodge them without heavy loss. The com- plicity of the ex-king was strongly suspected, and he was kept prisoner in Castle William. One of his wives, known as the begum, who resided at Lucknow, put herself at the head of a body of insurgents, cooperated vigorous- ly with Nana Sahib, and is supposed to have escaped to Thibet. The province was substan- tially subdued by the end of 1858, and in the spring and summer of 1859 the whole popula- tion was disarmed, and the difficulties of the land titles were settled by the arrangement with the talookdars before mentioned. Since that time the province has steadily prospered. (See INDIA.) II. A town and anciently the capital of the province, on the right bank of the Go- gra, 75 m. E. of Lucknow ; pop. about 8,000. It adjoins the modern town of Fyzabad, and is now almost deserted. Its principal build- ings are the "fort of Hanuman," built in honor of the fabulous monkey god, the auxiliary of Rama, and having an annual revenue of 50,000 rupees settled on it by Sujah ud-Dowlah ; and the ruined "fort of Rama," the mythical hero of the Ramayana. Oude is thought to be the most ancient city of India, and is believed to have been founded in 1366 B. C. OUDENARDE, or Andenarde, a fortified town of Belgium, in the province of East Flanders, on the Scheldt, 15 m. S. S. W. of Ghent ; pop. about 6,000. It has manufactures of cotton and linen, breweries and tanneries, and an ac- tive trade. It is memorable for the victory obtained here, July 11, 1708, by the allies under Marlborough and Prince Eugene over the French army commanded by the dukes of Burgundy and Vendome. OCDINOT. I. Nicolas Charles, duke of Reggio, a French soldier, born in Bar-sur-Ornain, April 26, 1767, died in Paris, Sept. 13, 1847. He arly enlisted, but retired from the army in 1787. In 1792 he was elected commander of the third battalion of the Meuse, attained the rank of colonel by his defence of the castle of Bitsch, was made brigadier general in 1794 for his bravery in the battle of Moorlautern, suc- cessfully conducted several operations under Moreau in the campaign of 1796 on the Dan- ube, and became general of division in 1799. He contributed to the success of Massena in the battle of Zurich. In command of a picked corps he shared in the campaign of 1805 against Austria, and contributed to the victory of Austerlitz. For his services in the campaigns in Prussia and Poland (1806-'7), and chiefly at Ostrolenka and Friedland, he was rewarded with the title of count and with 1,000,000 francs. In command of the vanguard of the French army in 1809, he distinguished himself atEssling and Wagram, and was created marshal and duke of Reggio, with an income of 100,000 francs. In 1812 he led the second corps in the invasion of Russia, and so skilfully protected the crossing of the Beresina that he was hailed as the " preserver of the army." In 1813 he fought at Bautzen, was defeated by Bernadotte at Grossbeeren, and severely wounded at Leip- sic. On the fall of the emperor he joined the Bourbons, adhering to their cause during the hundred days. Under the second restoration he commanded the national guard of Paris, and in 1823 led the first corps of the French army in Spain. Louis Philippe made him chancellor of the legion of honor in 1839, and governor of the Invalides in 1842. II. Nicolas Charles Victor, a French soldier, son of the preceding, born Nov. 3, 1791, died July 7, 1863. He served under Napoleon 1., the restoration, and Louis Phi- lippe, participating in the expedition of Mas- cara (1835); was made general of division, and twice elected to the chamber of deputies. In 1848 he became a member of the constituent, and in 1 849 of the legislative assembly. He com- manded the expedition sent by Louis Napoleon against the Roman republic, landing at Civitd Vecchia on April 25, 1849, and entering Rome, after a severe struggle, on July 2. Resuming his seat in the legislative assembly in 1851, he protested against the coup d'etat, was impris- oned for a time, and retired to private life. OIESS1NT. See USHANT. OUISTITI. See MAEMOSET. OUNCE (felis uncia, Buffon ; leopardus un- cia, Gray), a medium-sized cat of the old world, Ounce (Leopardua uncia). smaller than the leopard, inhabiting the moun- tainous regions of Asia. Buffon distinguishes