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 OSSOEY Ripley, and others. One of her contributions to this work was afterward expanded into a volume entitled " Woman in the Nineteenth Century" (New York, 1845). In 1841 she translated and published the " Letters of Giin- derode and Bettina," and in 1843 made a jour- ney to Michigan and Lake Superior, and pub- lished "Summer on the Lakes." In Decem- ber, 1844, she removed to New York and became a writer for the " Tribune," princi- pally of reviews, which were subsequently pub- lished under the title of " Papers on Art and Literature" (New York, 1846). She went to Europe in the spring of 1846, and arrived at Kome in May, 1847, where in December she was married to a Roman nobleman, the mar- quis Giovanni Angelo Ossoli. She was in Rome during the revolution of 1848, and during the siege of the city by the French in 1849 was, at the request of Mazzini, appointed directress of one of the hospitals for the wounded. Subse- quently she wrote a history of the revolution and siege, the manuscript of which was lost at the time of her death. In May, 1850, she em- barked at Leghorn in the ship Elizabeth for New York, with her husband and infant son, both of whom perished with her in the wreck of the vessel in the vicinity of its intended port. A new edition of her works, in six vol- umes, was published in Boston in 1874. See " Memoirs of Margaret Fuller Ossoli," by R. W. Emerson, W. H. Channing, and J. F. Clarke (Boston, 1852). OSSORY, Thomas Butler, earl of, an English soldier, son of James, duke of Ormond, born in the castle of Kilkenny, July 9, 1634, died July 30, 1680. He fought in the rebellion, was committed by Cromwell to the tower, and after eight months of imprisonment went to Flanders, returning with Charles II. on the restoration. He was made lieutenant general of the army in Ireland, and in September, 1666, was raised to the peerage as Lord Butler of Moore park. In the same year he distin- guished himself in the naval engagement with the Dutch in the Downs, and in 1673 was made admiral of the fleet. In 1677 he commanded the English troops in the service of the prince of Orange, and greatly contributed to the de- feat of Marshal Luxembourg at Mons in 1678. OSSCNA, or Osnna. See OSTJNA. OSTADE. I. Adrian yan, a Dutch painter, born in Lubeck in 1610, died in Amsterdam in 1685. He studied at Haarlem, and is said to have been a pupil of Rembrandt. His pictures generally represent Dutch interiors and rural fairs or sports, in which the grotesqueness of the subr ject is redeemed by the manner of its treat- ment. When in 1672 a French army ap- proached Haarlem, he became alarmed and sold his pictures with a view of returning to Germany. Stopping at Amsterdam, he was persuaded to become a permanent resident of that city. His pictures, generally of cabinet size, are comparatively scarce, and the best have increased in value six or seven fold, those I OSTEND 723 selling for 200 or 300 at the commencement of the century subsequently commanding up- ward of 1,400. Ostade also made etchings from his own designs. II. Isaac van, brother of the preceding, born in Lubeck about 1615, died about 1670. He received his first instruc- tions from his brother, in whose style his ear- liest pictures are painted. Subsequently he adopted a manner of his own, in which he proved himself an original master, and the value of those works has increased in a re- markable degree. His subjects comprise trav- ellers halting at inns, views of Dutch villages, winter pieces, and frozen canals with skaters. Some of his finest works are in England. OSTEND, a town of Belgium, in the province of West Flanders, on the North sea, 66 m. W. N. W. of Brussels ; pop. in 1871, 15,963. Next to Antwerp it is the principal port Of Belgium, and it is one of the most frequented bathing places of Europe, the annual visitors number- ing about 20,000. The town is well built, and contains several churches besides the cathedral. Among the public works which have been re- cently constructed are a pier extending from the steamboat landing to the railway station, and a magnificent hospital. A large dock for fishing boats has been built by the government. Outside of the Bruges gate are the oyster parks or salt-water reservoirs, filled with English oysters, which after being fattened here are exported in enormous quantities as Ostend oys- ters, and are celebrated for their small size and delicate taste. The passengers from and for England numbered in 1873 about 45,000. The number of vessels of all kinds entering the port in the same year was 698, with an aggregate tonnage of 171,652. The imports were valued at 16,000,000 francs, besides about 30,000,000 francs worth of goods in transit between Eng- land and Prussia. The value of exports was 15,000,000 francs, consisting chiefly of butter, eggs, meat, chiccory, and oil. Several sugar mills have lately been constructed in the vicin- ity, but the manufacturing industry is limited. Ostend was destroyed by the sea in 1333, and for some time afterward the present place was only a fishing village. It was enclosed with walls by Philip the Good of Burgundy, and fortified in 1583 by the prince of Orange. The memorable siege of Ostend by the Spaniards, ending with the surrender of the fortress to Spinola, lasted from July, 1601, till September, 1604, and cost upward of 100,000 lives. In the war of the Spanish succession the allies captured it in 1706 ; and in 1715 it was ceded by Holland to Charles VI. of Austria. It was taken in 1745 by the French, and restored in 1748 ; and again taken by the French in 1794 and held until the peace of 1814, the English having made an unsuccessful attempt to cap- ture it in 1798. Three American envoys to European courts, Buchanan, Mason, and Soule", met here in October, 1854, to deliberate on the acquisition of Cuba by the United States, the result of which was the so-called " Ostend