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 MURRAY paign of 1777 he was appointed to the com- mand of a letter of marque, in which he was captured by a British squadron and carried into New York. After his exchange he served as lieutenant in the Trumbull, in the action with the Iris and Gen. Monk off the mouth of the Delaware. In 1798 he was made captain, and served in the West Indies, in command of the Montezuma, and afterward of the Constel- lation. In 1802 he commanded the Constella- tion in the Mediterranean ; and an attack which he made upon a flotilla of 17 gunboats was the first affair of the war with Tripoli. At his death he was in command of the navy yard at Philadelphia, and was senior officer of the navy. MURRAY, Alexander, a Scottish philologist, born at Dunkitterick, Kirkcudbrightshire, Oct. 22, 1775, died in Edinburgh, April 15, 1813. He was the son of a shepherd, learned French, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, Welsh, and An- glo-Saxon, and in 1794 entered the university of Edinburgh. In 1806 he was assistant pas- tor, and in 1808 became pastor of Urr in Kirk- cudbrightshire. In 1811 he translated a letter in Geez or old Ethiopic, addressed to the king by the sovereign of Tigre in Abyssinia; and in the following year he was elected to the chair of oriental languages in the university of Edinburgh. His most important works are "Outlines of Oriental Philosophy" (Edin- burgh, 1812), and "History of the Euro- pean Languages, or Researches into the Affin- ities of the Teutonic, Greek, Celtic, Sclavonic, and Indian Nations " (1813). He also edited Bruce's " Travels," and contributed some philo- logical papers to the "Edinburgh Review." MURRAY, or Moray, James Stuart, earl of, regent of Scotland, born about 1533, killed at Linlith- gow, Jan. 23, 1570. He was an illegitimate son of James Y. and Lady Margaret, daugh- ter of John, fourth Lord Erskine, and when a little child was appointed by his father prior of St. Andrews. He afterward acquired the priory of Pittenweem, and that of Macon in France, in commendam, with a dispensation to hold three benefices. In 1548, on the inva- sion of Scotland by Lords Grey de Wilton and Clinton, the one by land, the other by sea, the young prior commanded a small band and re- pelled a descent made by the latter upon St. Monan on the coast of Fife, driving back the invaders to their ships. In the same year he accompanied his sister Mary to the court of France. In 1558 he was one of the commis- sioners from Scotland to witness the ceremony of marriage between Mary and the dauphin of France, afterward Francis II. In the contest between the queen regent and the lords of the congregation, he sided alternately with both parties, but finally joined the latter ; and when in 1559 the congregation resolved to take the government into their own hands, he was one of the council appointed for civil affairs. Af- ter the death of the queen regent in June, 1560, he became one of the lords of the articles, and on the death of Francis II. was commissioned to go to France and invite Mary to Scotland. On her return he became her confidant, advi- ser and prime minister, protected her in the exercise of her religion, obtained from her a proclamation favorable to the reformers, cleared the border of freebooters, and ruled the coun- try with judgment and ability. He was re- warded with the title of earl of Mar, and mar- ried soon after Agnes Keith, daughter of the earl marischal, on which occasion Mary gave a series of splendid entertainments. Lord Erskine claiming the earldom of Mar as his pe- culiar right, Lord James resigned it and received instead the earldom of Murray, and shortly after defeated at Corrichie the earl of Huntly, an unsuccessful competitor for power and pop- ularity. Although governing Scotland judi- ciously and with undisputed authority, he was too lukewarm a Protestant for the extreme re- formers, who lamented the protection he af- forded to the queen in the use of the mass, and particularly his defence of her and her ladies in what Knox called "the superfluities of their clothes." Between Knox and Murray a cool- ness sprung up in consequence, which contin- ued a year and a half ; but they were brought together again by their mutual opposition to the queen's marriage with Darnley. Murray had endeavored to prevent it, and finally re- sorted to arms ; but being pursued by his sis- ter at the head of a superior force, he was compelled to fly to England. On the mur- der of Rizzio, however, he was recalled, and apparently reconciled to the queen. It is not certain whether or not he was accessory to the murder of Darnley. He left Edinburgh the day before, and was also absent from Scotland during the trial of Bothwell and his subsequent marriage with Mary. After the dethronement of the queen and her confine- ment in Lochleven castle, Murray was ap- pointed regent of Scotland, Aug. 22, 1567. In this situation he acted with vigor .and dis- cretion, and kept the country in a state of tranquillity. On the escape of the queen he refused to resign his power, defeated her and her adherents at Langside, March 13, 1568, and followed up the victory by destroying the strongholds of her friends, and more firmly es- tablishing the government. When Mary was tried at York for complicity in the murder of Darnley, Murray bore the most unqualified testimony against her. In passing through the streets of Linlithgow, he was shot through the body by a bullet fired from a window by James Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh, and died the same night. Bothwellhaugh's conduct has generally been ascribed to revenge for a personal injury, but there is reason for believing that he acted as the executioner of a doom pronounced on Murray by his enemies in secret conclave. MURRAY, John, an American clergyman, born in Alton, Hampshire, England, Dec. 10, 1741, died in Boston, Mass., Sept. 3, 1815. Under the influence of Wesley and Whitefield he be- came a convert to Methodism, and an occasion-