Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XII.djvu/643

 O'NEALL ONEIDAS 629 ed an assistant minister of Trinity parish, New York. On Bishop Hobart's death he was chosen bishop of New York, and consecrated Nov. 26, 1830. In 1838 the diocese of West- ern New York was formed, Bishop Onderdonk retaining the eastern portion. Charges affect- ing his moral character having been made, he was tried in December, 1844, by the house of bishops acting as a court; and after a long and searching investigation, the court decided (eight voting for deposition and nine for sus- pension) that he be suspended from the office and functions of the ministry, Jan. 3, 1845. He never acknowledged that he was guilty of the offences imputed to him, and urgent efforts were made for the removal of the suspension. After much delay, the general convention of 1850 passed a canon allowing a provisional bishop to be chosen. The convention of New York adopted a petition to the general conven- tion of 1859 in favor of Bishop Onderdonk's restoration, and the lower house supported it by a large vote ; but the bishops rejected it. O'NEALL, John Belton, an American jurist, born on Bush river, S. 0., April 10, 1793, died near Newberry, Dec. 27, 1863. He graduated at the South Carolina college in 1812, served for a time in the war with England, was admit- ted to the bar in 1814, and soon gained a large practice. In 1816, '22, '24, and '26 he was a member of the legislature. In 1850 he became president of the court of law appeals and of the court of errors, and subsequently chief jus- tice of the state. In 1852 he was installed as the head of the sons of temperance of North America. He published a " Digest of the Ne- gro Law of South Carolina" (1848), "An- nals of Newberry "(1858), and "Biographical Sketches of the Bench and Bar of South Car- olina " (2 vols., 1859). ONEGA, a lake of N. "W. Russia, in the government of Olonetz, between lat. 60 50' and 63 N. ; extreme length 160 m., greatest breadth 50 m. ; area, 4,000 sq. m. Its S. end is about 100 m. E. of the middle of Lake Lado- ga, next to which it is the largest body of fresh water in Europe. The N. part is very irregu- lar in shape. The surface is dotted with isl- ands, the shores are generally rocky, and the water is clear. Navigation is impeded by shoals and sand banks. At its S. W. extrem- ity it is connected with Lake Ladoga by the river Svir ; and the Murinskoi canal unites its affluent the Vytegra with a tributary of Lake Bielo, the outlet of which flows into the Volga-. It is, however, unconnected with the river Onega, which rises in Lake Latcha, on the S. border of Olonetz, and flows through Archangel into Onega bay, an inlet of the White sea. ONEIDA. I. A central county of New York, drained by the Mohawk and Black rivers and their tributaries ; area, 1,127 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 110,008. Through the central part of the county a broad valley extends from E. to W., and toward the north and south the sur- face is broken and hilly. The soil is generally rich and very fertile. Oneida lake lies on the W. border. The county is traversed by the Erie and Chenango canals, and partly by the Black River and the Oneida Lake canals ; and the New York Central and other railroads in- tersect at Rome and Utica. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 68,342 bushels of wheat, 377,966 of Indian corn, 968,215 of oats, 113,462 of barley, 45,764 of buckwheat, 878,434 of potatoes, 3,651,127 Ibs. of butter, 1,228,459 of cheese, 100,456 of wool, 57,908 of maple sugar, 3,152,403 of hops, and 218,811 tons of hay. There were 15,231 horses, 65,264 milch cows, 22,577 other cattle, 25,812 sheep, and 19,085 swine ; 14 manufactories of agricultu- ral implements, 13 of boats, 10 of boots and shoes, 11 of brick, 53 of carriages and wagons, 86 of cheese, 13 of cotton goods, 4 of glass, 5 of hosiery, 27 of iron (including 23 of castings), 30 of tanned and 16 of curried leather, 26 of machinery, 10 of woollen goods, 2 distilleries, 8 breweries, 30 flour mills, 8 saw mills, and 69 planing mills. Capitals, Rome and Utica. II. The S. E. county of Idaho, bounded N. by Montana, E. by Wyoming, and S. by Utah ; area, 17,850 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 1,922. It is drained by the head waters of Snake river and by Bear river. The surface in portions is un- even and mountainous, but there are rich lands adapted to agriculture in the river bottoms. Bear Lake valley in the S. E. part is settled chiefly by Mormons, whoee farms are well cul- tivated and stocked. Capital, Malade City. ONEIDA, a lake in the central part of New York, lying between Oswego, Oneida, Madison, and Onondaga counties, at an elevation of 369 ft. above tide water, 23 m. long and 4 to 7 m. wide. It forms a link in the chain of internal navigable waters of the state, and its outlet, Oneida river, after a course of 16 m., falls into the Oswego river. It abounds in fish. ONEIDA COMMUNITY. See NOTES, JOHN HUM- PHREY. ONEIDAS, a tribe of American Indians form- ing part of the Iroquois confederacy. They were a secondary tribe set off from the Mo- hawks. Their territory extended from Deep Spring, near Manlius, Onondaga co., N. Y., to a point below Utica, Oneida co. Their totem was a stone in a forked stick, and their name meant " tribe of the granite rock." They had three clans, the Wolf, Bear, and Turtle, and nine sachemships. Soon after the settlement of Canada they became engaged in hostilities with the French and their allies the Hurons and Montagnais, and were always very difficult to manage. With the Onondagas they made peace with Canada in 1653, and received mis- sionaries, who continued their labors at inter- vals to the close of the century. They then had not more than 150 warriors, having been reduced by war with southern tribes. They joined in the general treaty of peace with the French, Sept. 8, 1700; but in all subsequent wars they acted on the English side. At the revolution they alone in the great council of